Critical Care Midterm Flashcards
What is the only way to measure ventilation in a patient?
PaCO2
What are the 2 causes of bradycardia in cats in ER?
sepsis and hyperkalemia
What can high BP mean in a patient?
poor perfusion or normal perfusion
What does lactate indicate?
anaerobic metabolism, elevated = decreased perfusion
How is hyperosmolar diabetic syndrome treated?
replace hydration over 24 hrs, monitor sodium and glucose levels
What are the electrolyte problems with an addisons crisis?
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, azotemic, hypoglycemic
What are the pseudo-addison crisis diseases?
acute renal failure
whipworms
third spacing
What EKG signs will be seen with an addisons crisis?
bradycardia, hyperkalemic changes (atrial standstill, tented T waves, absent P waves)
What is the treatment for hyperkalemia in an addisons crisis patient?
calcium gluconate (stabilizes heart) insulin if NOT hypoglycemic
What is the emergency treatment for addisons disease?
balanced electrolyte fluids
dexamethasone sodium phosphate
DO NOT use hydrocortisone (will mess up acth test)
What are complications of hyperadrenocorticism that would lead to an emergency?
pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) hypertension
What species get hyperaldosteronism?
cats
What will be seen on a coag and cbc for heat stroke?
prolonged Pt/PTT
thrombocytopenia
nRBCs
When should you stop cooling an animal down when its in heat stroke?
temp at 103.5
How does hypothermia affect the kidneys?
“cold diuresis” with renal enzyme suppression - dehydration
What type of enzyme is viper venom?
is a phospholipase A2 –> inflammation, coag, etc
How does snake venom affect coagulation?
forms weak clots by not activating factor XIII
What pain meds should be avoided in rattlesnake bites?
NSAIDs/steroids (shock state)
What can indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction in an animal that responds well to fluids?
high ALT
Where is the incision made for open chest CPR?
5-6 ICS
What are common causes of cardiac arrest?
DKA on high dose insulin, acute renal failure on high dose fluids
What amount of fluids should be given to a CPA patient if euvolemic? hypovolemic?
euvolemic: 20 ml/kg in dog, 10 ml/kg in cat
hypo: : 90 ml/kg in dog, 45 ml/kg in cat
What drugs are used during CPR?
epinephrine
atropine
vasopressin
Are crystalloids good for hypovolemia or dehydration?
dehydration (but not hypovolemia)
What are the 3 different types of crystalloid fluids?
.9 NaCl - very acidifying
LRS
NormasolR - can bolus
What is the goal of colloids?
large solutes that remain IV, raises oncotic pressure
What is the type of maintenence fluid that should NEVER be bolused?
Normosol-M
What maintenence fluid is good for acute hypernatremia?
0.45% NaCl with 2.5% dextrose
What is a good measurement of perfusion status while giving fluids?
lactate
Where can respiratory distress be localized if breaths are short and shallow?
pleural space
Where can respiratory distress be localized if there is prolonged inspiration?
upper airway
Where can respiratory distress be localized if there is prolonged expiration?
lower airway
