Onco Final Flashcards
What is the most common form of lymphoma in dogs?
multicentric - multiple enlarged LNs
What are some prognostic indicators for dogs with lymphoma?
anatomic site, paraneoplastic syndromes, immunophenotype, stage, substage
What are the median survival times with lymphoma dogs that are untreated?
4-6 weeks
What is the median survival time for a lymphoma dog that is put on pred alone?
11 weeks
What is the median survival time for a lymphoma dog treated with multidrugs?
2 years
WHat is the median survival time for cats with GI high grade, large cell lymphoma?
1 year
What is the median survival time for cats with GI low grade, small cell lymphoma?
800 days
How is high grade GI lymphoma treated in a cat? low grade?
high grade - CHOP based
low grade - chlorambucil and pred
What is the median survival time for cats with nasal LSA on local radiation?
2-3 years
What type of tissue do soft tissue sarcomas arise from?
mesenchymal - fibrous, nervous, myxomatous, adipose, perivascular wall, skeletal and smooth muscle
What kind of biopsy is indicated for soft tissue sarcomas?
incisional biopsy (excisional - bad) so you can plan surgery
Which 4 “sarcomas” are not soft tissue sarcomas?
histocytic sarcoma
hemangiosarcoma
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
What is the most common cause of death from soft tissue sarcomas?
local disease
What margins should be taken for surgical excision of soft tissue sarcomas?
wide - 3 cm
What is metronomic chemotherapy?
small daily doses
piroxicam
What is the best treatment for vaccine induced sarcoma in cats?
aggressive surgery (chemo doesnt work)
When should you worry about a mass growing in a vaccine site on a cat?
increasing in size >1 month post vax
>2cm
present > 3 months
(1,2,3 rule)
Where do osteosarcomas most commonly occur?
“away from elbow” -proximal humerus, distal radius
“near the knee” - distal femur, proximal tibia, distal tibia
What is the typical radiographic lesions for osteosarcoma?
cortical lysis at metaphyseal site with osteoproliferation in “sunburst”
What is the treatment for osteosarcoma?
surgery and systemic chemo (sx alone 3-5 months)
What is different about feline osteosarcoma?
doesnt metastasize, surgery can cure
What are the guidelines for how many splenic masses are HSA?
2/3 are malignant cancer, 2/3 of the malignant cancer is HSA
What is the MST for hemangiosarcoma with surgery and chemo?
less than 5 months
What are the big 3 neoplasias in ferrets?
adrenal glands - hyperplasia, adenoma
insulinoma
lymphoma
What are CS of adrenal gland neoplasia in ferrets?
alopecia, skin thinning, vulvar swelling, pancytopenia
What is the difference between adrenal gland neoplasia in ferrets and cushings disease in dogs?
cushings - secondary adrenal dz (pituitary is primary dz)
What is the medical treatment for adrenal gland neoplasia in ferrets?
lupron, deslorelin implant
What are CS of insulinomas in ferrets?
star gazing, depressed, hind end weakness
Term for tail tip tumor on a ferret.
chordoma
What is the most common tumor of female rabbits?
uterine adenocarcinoma
What is the most common type of lymphoma in rabbits?
multicentric lymphoma - poor doer, anorexia
What are CS of thymoma in rabbits?
dyspnea, exopthalmos, muffled lung sounds
What is the most common tumor in rabbits?
fibroadenomas in mammary glands (males and females) (TQ)
What type of mammary tumors do mice get?
mammary adenocarcinoma - malignant
What is the most common type of cancer in hamsters?
lymphoma
What are the three types of lymphoma in hamsters?
geriatric - multicentric
cutaneous - looks like fungus
epizootic lymphoma - breeder hamsters
What is the most common type of cancer in gerbils?
granulosa cell tumors of ovaries
What is a benign skin tumor of male guinea pigs?
trichofolliculomas (TQ) - caudal pelvis
What type of cancer is the most common intranasally in small animals?
carcinomas
How are intranasal tumors treated in SA?
radiation
What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with primary lung tumors in SA?
hypertrophic osteopathy - starts in distal limbs
What are the positive prognostic factors for primary lung tumors in dogs?
normal Lns
asymptomatic
well differentiated
CT normal nodes
When is an OHE in dogs protective against mammary tumors?
before 3rd estrus
What are risk factors for dogs to develop mammary tumors
obesity
Can you differentiate with FNA if mammary tumors are malignant or benign?
NO
What are prognostic factors for cats with mammary tumors?
size
What is a prognostic factor for dogs with mammary tumors?
degree of differentiation
What percent of dog mammary tumors are benign?
50%
What type of dog mammary tumor is uncommon, rapidly growing, and has a poor prognosis?
inflammatory carcinoma
What size of mammary gland tumors should be treated by mammectomy?
> 1cm
What breed is predisposed to auricular tumors?
cocker spaniels
What surgical treatment is recommended for auricular tumors in dogs?
total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy
What percent of cutaneous tumors are malignant in dogs? cats?
dogs: 20-30%
cats: 50-60%
What type of animals are histocytomas common?
young dogs
What do mast cell tumors typically look like?
raised, firm, alopecic mass
What is a darier’s flare?
mast cell degranulation
What are indications to expand diagnostics prior to treatment of a mast cell tumor?
any negative prognostic indicators or not amenable to wide resection
What staging tests should be performed if there are no negative prognostic indicators for a mast cell tumor?
CBC, chem, local LN aspirate
WHat are the surgical margins for a grade 1 or 2 mast cell tumor?
1 cm lateral and 1 fascial plane deep
What systemic chemotherapy has the best response rate for mast cell tumors?
lomustine and vinblastine
What 2 drugs can inhibit c-kit signaling in canine mast cell tumors?
masitinib
toceranib phosphate
What calcium phosphorus product number is a cause for concern?
greater than 70
WHat is the most common neoplasm to cause hypercalcemia of malignancy in dogs?
lymphoma T cell
What is the mnemonic for differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia?
GOSH DARN IT
granulomatous, osteolytic, spurious, hyperparathyroidism, vit D tox, addisons, renal failure, neoplasia, idiopathic, temperature
What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?
furosemide for diuresis, corticosteroids, treat underlying cause
With what neoplasm is acute tumor lysis syndrome commonly seen in?
canine lymphoma, large tumor burdon
What chemistry abnormalities are seen during acute tumor lysis syndrome?
hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia
What is the treatment for acute tumor lysis syndrome?
aggressive saline diuresis
