Oesophageal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiologies of squamous cell?

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Achalasia
Poor diet

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2
Q

Aetiologies of adenocarcinoma?

A
GORD
Barrett's 
Smoking
Obesity 
Alcohol
Male
(middle aged caucasians at highest risk)
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3
Q

Pathology of squamous cell?

A

Middle and upper thirds of oesophagus
Large and exophytic tumours
Metastasis (bone, brain, liver, lung)

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4
Q

Pathology of adenocarcinoma?

A

Distal oesophagus
Related to dysplasia becoming malignant in Barrett’s oesophagus
Metastasis (bone, brain, liver, lung)

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5
Q

Signs and Symptoms?

A
Progressive dysphagia
Anorexia/weight loss
Odynophagia
Chest pain 
Cough 
Vocal cord paralysis
Haematemesis 
Lymphadenopathy
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6
Q

Investigations and Findings?

A

Barium swallow
Chest x-ray
Gastroscopy + biopsy - tumour seen as stricture, cell dysplasia and hyperplasia
CT/MRI/PET scan for staging

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7
Q

Management?

A

Surgical oesophagectomy (+chemotherapy in patients with T1/T2 staging)

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8
Q

Complications?

A

Bone/brain/liver/lung/lymph metastases

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