Ocular Trauma

Question 1

how is visual acuity measured?

Answer 1

snellan chart

Question 2

what colour does fluoroscein stain go when there is an abnormality?

Answer 2

green

Question 3

what defects are well picked up by fluoroscein stain

Answer 3

epithelial abrasions/defects

Question 4

what should be done immediately when presented with eye trauma?

Answer 4

Hx
visual acuities
fluoroscein to examine the whole eye

Question 5

what kind of trauma causes a blowout fracture?

Answer 5

blunt

Question 6

what can prolapse into the sinus maxillary sinus in a blowout fracture?

Answer 6

fat

Question 7

what muscle can be affected by a blowout fracture?

Answer 7

IR

Question 8

how can you tell if the inferior rectus is involved in a blowout fracture?

Answer 8

ask the patient to look up, if they can’t IR is involved

Question 9

asymptomatic bright red eye?

Answer 9

subconjunctival haemorrhage

Question 10

Tx for subconjunctival haemorrhage?

Answer 10

nothing, it will resolve itself

if caused by trauma, refer

Question 11

most common eye disease caused by blunt trauma?

Answer 11

traumatic uveitis

Question 12

cause of traumatic uveitis?

Answer 12

inflamed iris breaks down blood/aqueous barrier
leaky BVs
protein leaks into eye

Question 13

what is hyphaemia?

Answer 13

blood in the anterior chamber

Question 14

how can a lens become dislocated?

Answer 14

trauma affects the zonules that hold the lens in place

Question 15

retinal detachment is most common in hypermetropic people: T or F

Answer 15

F, miopic

Question 16

“pale, wrinkled retina” on fundoscopy

Answer 16

retinal detachment

Question 17

a choroidal tear can block off communication from what 2 structures?

Answer 17

optic nerve from disc

macula

Question 18

what is “commotio retinae”?

Answer 18

bruised retina

Question 19

where in the eye does commotio retinae typically occur?

Answer 19

periphery

Question 20

what is a globe rupture?

Answer 20

any injury affecting the outer membranes of the eye eg cornea/sclera

Question 21

what stain should be done to investigate a potential leak caused by rupture?

Answer 21

fluoroscein

Question 22

name the 5 different types of small particle penetrating trauma

Answer 22

subtarsal
conjunctival
corneal
intraocular
intraorbital

Question 23

what is seidel’s test?

Answer 23

if fluoroscein looks diluted on examination it is a corneal laceration

Question 24

clinical presentation of penetrating foreign body?

Answer 24

pupil irregular
anterior chamber shallow
localised cataract
gross inflam

Question 25

Ix for an intraocular foreign body injury?

Answer 25

x ray orbit always

Question 26

is acid or alkali worse on the eye?

Answer 26

alkali

Question 27

“teardrop shaped pupil”

Answer 27

corneal laceration

Question 28

worst forms of small particle penetrating trauma?

Answer 28

intraocular

intraorbital

Question 29

Ix for a suspected linear abrasion?

Answer 29

look under lid for foreign bodies

Question 30

“ice rink cornea”

Answer 30

linear abrasion

Question 31

Tx for corneal foreign body?

Answer 31

remove FB

give chloramphenicol

Question 32

how to tell if an eye is ischaemic using the naked eye?

Answer 32

sclera will appear china white

Question 33

what looks worse on the eye: acid or alkali?

Answer 33

acid

Question 34

what is the corneal axis?

Answer 34

central part of cornea

Question 35

immediate investigation of a chemical eye injury

Answer 35

Hx
pH
irrigate with saline asap
assess at slit lamp