Ocular Trauma Flashcards
how is visual acuity measured?
snellan chart
what colour does fluoroscein stain go when there is an abnormality?
green
what defects are well picked up by fluoroscein stain
epithelial abrasions/defects
what should be done immediately when presented with eye trauma?
Hx
visual acuities
fluoroscein to examine the whole eye
what kind of trauma causes a blowout fracture?
blunt
what can prolapse into the sinus maxillary sinus in a blowout fracture?
fat
what muscle can be affected by a blowout fracture?
IR
how can you tell if the inferior rectus is involved in a blowout fracture?
ask the patient to look up, if they can’t IR is involved
asymptomatic bright red eye?
subconjunctival haemorrhage
Tx for subconjunctival haemorrhage?
nothing, it will resolve itself
if caused by trauma, refer
most common eye disease caused by blunt trauma?
traumatic uveitis
cause of traumatic uveitis?
inflamed iris breaks down blood/aqueous barrier
leaky BVs
protein leaks into eye
what is hyphaemia?
blood in the anterior chamber
how can a lens become dislocated?
trauma affects the zonules that hold the lens in place
retinal detachment is most common in hypermetropic people: T or F
F, miopic
“pale, wrinkled retina” on fundoscopy
retinal detachment
a choroidal tear can block off communication from what 2 structures?
optic nerve from disc
macula
what is “commotio retinae”?
bruised retina
where in the eye does commotio retinae typically occur?
periphery
what is a globe rupture?
any injury affecting the outer membranes of the eye eg cornea/sclera
what stain should be done to investigate a potential leak caused by rupture?
fluoroscein
name the 5 different types of small particle penetrating trauma
subtarsal conjunctival corneal intraocular intraorbital
what is seidel’s test?
if fluoroscein looks diluted on examination it is a corneal laceration
clinical presentation of penetrating foreign body?
pupil irregular
anterior chamber shallow
localised cataract
gross inflam
Ix for an intraocular foreign body injury?
x ray orbit always
is acid or alkali worse on the eye?
alkali
“teardrop shaped pupil”
corneal laceration
worst forms of small particle penetrating trauma?
intraocular
intraorbital
Ix for a suspected linear abrasion?
look under lid for foreign bodies
“ice rink cornea”
linear abrasion
Tx for corneal foreign body?
remove FB
give chloramphenicol
how to tell if an eye is ischaemic using the naked eye?
sclera will appear china white
what looks worse on the eye: acid or alkali?
acid
what is the corneal axis?
central part of cornea
immediate investigation of a chemical eye injury
Hx
pH
irrigate with saline asap
assess at slit lamp
