Immunology Flashcards
what immune property do tears have?
they wipe away debris from the outer layer of the eye
are commensal bacteria an innate or adaptive
innate
what is chemotaxis?
chemical signals drawing in enzymes
5 immune mediators involved in the in the immediate innate response?
anti microbial proteins complement mast cells macrophages inflammation
2 immune mediators involved in the early immune response?
recruitment/activation of phagocytes
inflammation
what timeframe does the immediate immune response start at?
0-4hrs
what timeframe does the early immune response start at?
4-96hrs
what time does the adaptive immune response start at?
96hrs
is the adaptive or innate immune system responsible for memory?
adaptive immune system
what is the main problem with the physical barrier of the eye?
there is none so it is exposed
how does the eye combat bacteria non chemically?
blink reflex
mucus layer is anti-adhesive
what does lysozyme do?
destroys bacterial cell wall
what do tears contain to make them anti-inflammatory?
lipids
angiogenin in tear film
what does secretory IgA do in the eye?
prevents attachment
what interleukins are present in the eye?
IL-6, IL-8
what immune cells are present in the eye?
neutrophils
macrophages
mast cells
how do neutrophils get to the eye?
chemotaxis
what immune cells trigger the adaptive immune system?
macrophages
name the antigen presenting cells of the body
dendritic cells
B cells
macrophages
name the effector cells of the body?
cd4 t cells
cd8 t cells
b cells
principle antigen presenting cell of the external eye?
langerhans cell
which type of MHC cell is present in langerhans cells?
class 2
where in the eye are langerhans cells most abundant?
limbus
where in the eye are langerhans cells least abundant?
cornea (central 1/3 in particular)
only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage?
conjunctiva
main lymphoid tissue present in the eye
MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
what cells are contained within the MALT of the eye?
macrophages
langerhans cells
mast cells
what 2 types of cell does the lacrimal gland have more of compared to the conjunctiva
plasma cells
CD8 T cells
what kind of cell are langerhans cells?
macrophages
define immune privilege
a structure that is able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an immune response from the rest of the body
what structures are said to have immune privilege
placenta
eyes
testes
what type of MHC molecules does the cornea express if any?
MHC class 1
what does ACAID stand for?
anterior chamber associated deviation
what is ACAID?
placement of an antigen into the eye to make the eye tolerant to it
rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis?
sympathetic opthalmia
cause of sympathetic opthalmia?
trauma
surgery in 1 eye
is 1 or both eyes affected in sympathetic opthalmia?
2 but only 1 eye is actually injured, they both appear the same
medical name for dry eyes
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
cause of lens uveitis?
damage to lens capsule
immature lens
what is the constant region of an Ab called?
Fc
what is the antibody specific region of an Ab called?
Fab
what kind of hypersensitivity is acute allergic conjunctivits?
type 1
what is chemosis?
oedema of the conjunctiva
2 ways in which cells are killed in type 2 hypersensitivity
macrophages/NK cells
complement
type of hypersensitivity involved in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?
2
clinical presentation of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?
blistering and scarring of conjunctiva
hazy cornea
vascularisation
treatment for ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?
steroids
immune modulators
what does chemosis look like?
jelly
outer layer of the cornea melting with inner layer bulging forward?
autoimmune corneal melting
what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is autoimmune corneal melting
3
what type of hypersensitivity undergoes clonal expansion
4
what hypersensitivity would tissue/graft rejection come under?
4
what could you see on examination of the cornea to suggest rejection?
vascularisation of cornea
treatment of most autoimmune eye conditions?
steroids
steroid ocular side effects?
cataracts
steroid induced glaucoma
