Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards
what part of the cornea is penetrated by lipid soluble drugs?
epithelium
what part of the cornea can be penetrated by water soluble drugs?
stroma
name a drug that is both lipo and hydrophilic that is commonly used in opthalmology?
chrloramphenicol
what can prevent the endothelium from being hydrophobic?
ocular surface inflammation
what substances make steroids more hydrophobic?
alcohol
acetate
what substance makes steroids more hydrophilic?
phosphate
which is hydrophobic: prednisolone acetate or prednisolone phosphate?
acetate
would a hydrophilic or hydrophobic steroid have a better penetration in an uninflamed cornea?
hydrophobic
what does bimatoprost do?
lowers IOP in glaucoma
what 2 types of anaesthetic injection can be performed on the eye
subconjunctival
subtenons
what are 2 methods of injection used on the eye?
intravitreal
intracameral
what conditions are steroids used in?
post op cataracts
uveitis
to prevent corneal graft rejection
anterior ischaemic neuropathy
local eye side effects of steroids?
cataract
glaucoma
exacerbation of viral infection
strongest steroids to use?
prednisolone/dexamethasone
weakest steroids to use on eyes?
FML
when would antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers be used for eyes?
hayfever
allergic conjunctivitis
what are glaucoma?
diseases that cause a progressive optic neuropathy resulting in fields defects
only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma?
raised intra ocular pressure
is glaucoma a symptomatic disease?
no
glaucome has a chronic onset T or F
T
Tx of glaucoma?
prostanoids
beta blockers eg timolol
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A2 antagonist
what eye infection is treated using antibiotics intravitreally?
endophthalamitis
how do local eye anaesthetics work?
block sodium channels and impede nerve conduction
what procedures need local anaesthetic?
fb removal
tonometry
corneal scrape
most commonly used dye?
fluorescein
what does fluroscein detect?
corneal abrasion
see blood vessels
nasolacrimal duct obstruction
what do mydriatics do?
dilate pupil by blocking parasympathetic supply to the iris
what effect does atropine have on the eye?
causes pupil to dilate by acting on sympathetic nervous system
what drug can cause optic neuropathy?
ethambutol
what drug causes maculopathy?
chloroquine
what group of drugs do sympathomimetics belong to?
mydriatics
