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2 Opthalmology > Ocular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the cornea is penetrated by lipid soluble drugs?

A

epithelium

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2
Q

what part of the cornea can be penetrated by water soluble drugs?

A

stroma

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3
Q

name a drug that is both lipo and hydrophilic that is commonly used in opthalmology?

A

chrloramphenicol

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4
Q

what can prevent the endothelium from being hydrophobic?

A

ocular surface inflammation

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5
Q

what substances make steroids more hydrophobic?

A

alcohol

acetate

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6
Q

what substance makes steroids more hydrophilic?

A

phosphate

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7
Q

which is hydrophobic: prednisolone acetate or prednisolone phosphate?

A

acetate

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8
Q

would a hydrophilic or hydrophobic steroid have a better penetration in an uninflamed cornea?

A

hydrophobic

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9
Q

what does bimatoprost do?

A

lowers IOP in glaucoma

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10
Q

what 2 types of anaesthetic injection can be performed on the eye

A

subconjunctival

subtenons

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11
Q

what are 2 methods of injection used on the eye?

A

intravitreal

intracameral

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12
Q

what conditions are steroids used in?

A

post op cataracts
uveitis
to prevent corneal graft rejection
anterior ischaemic neuropathy

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13
Q

local eye side effects of steroids?

A

cataract
glaucoma
exacerbation of viral infection

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14
Q

strongest steroids to use?

A

prednisolone/dexamethasone

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15
Q

weakest steroids to use on eyes?

A

FML

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16
Q

when would antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers be used for eyes?

A

hayfever

allergic conjunctivitis

17
Q

what are glaucoma?

A

diseases that cause a progressive optic neuropathy resulting in fields defects

18
Q

only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma?

A

raised intra ocular pressure

19
Q

is glaucoma a symptomatic disease?

A

no

20
Q

glaucome has a chronic onset T or F

A

T

21
Q

Tx of glaucoma?

A

prostanoids
beta blockers eg timolol
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A2 antagonist

22
Q

what eye infection is treated using antibiotics intravitreally?

A

endophthalamitis

23
Q

how do local eye anaesthetics work?

A

block sodium channels and impede nerve conduction

24
Q

what procedures need local anaesthetic?

A

fb removal
tonometry
corneal scrape

25
Q

most commonly used dye?

A

fluorescein

26
Q

what does fluroscein detect?

A

corneal abrasion
see blood vessels
nasolacrimal duct obstruction

27
Q

what do mydriatics do?

A

dilate pupil by blocking parasympathetic supply to the iris

28
Q

what effect does atropine have on the eye?

A

causes pupil to dilate by acting on sympathetic nervous system

29
Q

what drug can cause optic neuropathy?

A

ethambutol

30
Q

what drug causes maculopathy?

A

chloroquine

31
Q

what group of drugs do sympathomimetics belong to?

A

mydriatics

2 Opthalmology (13 decks)

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