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2 Opthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what type and shape of bacteria is neisseria?

A

gram negative cocci

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2
Q

what type of shape of bacteria is h. influenzae?

A

gram -ve cocci-bacilli

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3
Q

gram -ve bacilli?

A

pseudomonas

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4
Q

what is an infection of the cornea called?

A

keratitis

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5
Q

what is an infection of the entire eyeball called?

A

endophthalmitis

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6
Q

watery red eye - bacterial or viral?

A

viral

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7
Q

gunky red eye - bacterial or viral?

A

bacterial

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8
Q

bacterial causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

A

staph aureus
neisseria gonnorrhoeae
chlamydia trachomatis

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9
Q

bacterial causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults?

A

staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

first line investigation for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

bacterial swab

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11
Q

first line treatment and frequency for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenical topical qds

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12
Q

contraindications of chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anaemia

allergy

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13
Q

viral causes of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

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14
Q

what should be done before a swab is taken of the eye?

A

anaesthetic

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15
Q

first line investigation for viral conjunctivitis?

A

viral PCR

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16
Q

what is hutcheson’s sign?

A

sign the nasociliary nerve is involved in CNV1 herpes zoster infection

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17
Q

appearance of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

“rice grain” appearance of the inner lid

slightly red eye

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18
Q

will chlamydial conjunctivitis present acutely or chronically?

A

chronic

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19
Q

consequence of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

subtarsal scarring

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20
Q

main component of the sclera?

A

collagen

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21
Q

white globs on eye with a hypopyon?

A

bacterial keratitis

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22
Q

what is a hypopyon?

A

collection of white cells at the bottom of the iris, looks like a white meniscus

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23
Q

gold standard treatment of bacterial keratitis?

A

hourly drops in hospital

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24
Q

cause of bacterial keratitis?

A

contact lens use

other corneal pathology

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25
Q

dendritic ulcers over eye?

A

herpetic keratitis

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26
Q

is herpetic keratitis painful or painless?

A

painful

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27
Q

what medication should be avoided in suspected herpetic keratitis and why

A

steroids

can cause a corneal melt or perforated cornea

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28
Q

best way to investigate a dendritic ulcer?

A

fluroscein stain and blue light

29
Q

white subepithelial infiltrates on both eyes?

A

adenoviral keratitis

30
Q

treatment for adenoviral keratitis?

A

topical antibiotic

steroids if becomes chronic

31
Q

adenoviral keratitis is contagious T or F

A

T

32
Q

most common cause of adenoviral keratitis?

A

URTI

33
Q

fungal causes of keratitis from contact lenses?

A

acanthamoeba

pseydomonas aerugenosa

34
Q

fungal keratitis heals relatively quickly T or F

A

F

35
Q

slightly red eye that has been there for a while, not that sore?

A

fungal keratitis

36
Q

what microbial eye problem can cause proptosis?

A

orbital cellulitis

37
Q

associated symptoms with orbital cellulitis?

A

paranasal sinusitis

fever

38
Q

first line investigation for orbital cellulitis?

A

CT scan to identify orbital abscesses

39
Q

why is orbital cellulitis particularly worrying?

A

infection can go into the paranasal sinus and go to the brain

40
Q

cause of orbital cellulitis?

A

focal orbital infection

op

41
Q

will an infected sinus look grey or black on mri

A

grey

42
Q

causative organisms of orbital cellulitis?

A 
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Coliforms
Haemophilus influenzae
anaerobes
43
Q

Tx for orbital cellulitis?

A

broad spec ab and monitor

if abscess, drain

44
Q

cause of endophthalmitis?

A

post surgical

endogenous

45
Q

endophthalamitis isnt painful T or F

A

F

46
Q

how red is the eye in endophthalamitis?

A

very red

47
Q

most common cause of endophthalmitis?

A

staph epi

other commensals of eye

48
Q

Tx for endophthamitis?

A

intravitreal amikacin/ceftaazidime/vancomycin

+ topical abs

49
Q

causative organisms of chorioretinitis?

A

CMV in aids (rare)
toxoplasma gondii
toxocara canis

50
Q

“pizza fundus” on fundoscopy

A

CMV retinitis in AIDS

51
Q

causes of toxoplasmosis?

A

cats

raw meat

52
Q

symptoms of toxoplasmosis?

A

mild flu like symptoms

53
Q

toxoplasma appearance on fundoscopy?

A

pigemented scar in the retina

54
Q

problem with eye drops?

A

need to be stored in fridge

only last 28 days

55
Q

toxocara sources?

A

cats

dogs

56
Q

what microbial causes granulomas that cause visual loss?

A

toxocara

57
Q

investigation for bacterial keratitis?

A

corneal scrape

58
Q

Ix for endophthalamitis?

A

aqueous/vitreous for culture

59
Q

Ix for acanthamoeba?

A

microscopy

culture

60
Q

Ix for toxocara/toxoplasma infection?

A

serology

61
Q

most commonly used topical antibiotic in opthalmology?

A

chloramphenicol

62
Q

what kind of bacteria does chloramphenicol kill?

A

strep

haemophilus

63
Q

what antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A

cehalosporins

penicillins

64
Q

what antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

A

quinolones eg ciprofloxacin

65
Q

common contaminant of eyedrop bottles?

A

pseudomonas

66
Q

what organism can chloramphenicol not treat?

A

pseuodomonas aeruginosa

67
Q

what can fusidic acid treat?

A

staph aureus

68
Q

what antibiotic is used for pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

gentamicin

69
Q

Tx for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

topical oxytetracycline

chlamydia treatment

2 Opthalmology (13 decks)

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