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2 Opthalmology > Clinical Eye Assessment > Flashcards

Clinical Eye Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

what does vertical double vision present as?

A

one on top of the other eg :

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2
Q

what does horizontal double vision present as?

A

one next to the other eg - -

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3
Q

how can you tell if eye movement on examination is not complete?

A

if there is visible sclera left on the side the eye is moving to

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4
Q

functions of the IO muscle?

A

moves the eye up and in

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5
Q

functions of the SR muscle?

A

moves the eye up and out

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6
Q

what muscle has the biggest role in distance vision

A

LR

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7
Q

Tx for double vision?

A

prism glasses

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8
Q

what test is performed to look for squints?

A

cover test

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9
Q

what decreases a red reflex?

A

an obstruction between the retina and the opthalmoscope

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10
Q

what should the cup to disc ratio of an eye be?

A

0.2-0.3

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11
Q

what condition presents with a large cup

A

glaucoma

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12
Q

what is the area called in between the cup and disc?

A

neuroretinal rim

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13
Q

is the optic nerve an afferent or efferent?

A

afferent

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14
Q

how wide is the optic disc?

A

1.5mm

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15
Q

name the 3 C’s used to describe the optic disc

A

cup
colour
contour

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16
Q

how should the contour of the optic disc be described

A

fuzzy or well-defined

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17
Q

what is considered a normal colour of the optic disc

A

peachy

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18
Q

why can the optic disc appear white?

A

decreased myelin or blood vessels

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19
Q

what condition presents with no cup at all?

A

papilloedema

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20
Q

what is the contour of the disc like in papilloedema?

A

fuzzy

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21
Q

blood vessels are normal in papilloedema T or F

A

F, there are haemorrhages

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22
Q

conditions that cause visual field loss?

A

glaucoma
pituitary adenoma
stroke

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23
Q

what eye functions does the optic nerve control?

A

pupillary reflex
colour vision
depth perception
peripheral vision

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24
Q

homonymous hemianopia will only occur if the defect is beyond the optic chiasm T or F

A

T

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25
Q

central portion of the visual field is more sensitive to red light than white T or F

A

T

26
Q

what 2 conditions cause a pathological blindspot

A

optic neuritis

papilloedema

27
Q

what is homomenous hemianopia?

A

loss of the nasal half of one eye and the temporal half of the other

28
Q

what is an esotropia

A

squint where the eye turns inwards

also called convergent squint

29
Q

what is an exotropia

A

squint where the eye faces outwards

also called divergent squint

30
Q

what is diplopia?

A

double vision

31
Q

how are corneal reflections used in visual field assessment?

A

if corneal reflections are symmetrical the patient probably doesnt have a squint

32
Q

you can get a squint in both eyes T or F

A

F-ish, its very very rare

33
Q

horizontal double vision is usually caused by a problem with what muscles

A

LR

MR

34
Q

is the cover test done with or without glasses?

A

with

35
Q

is the motility test done with or without glasses?

A

without

36
Q

what result will someone with horizontal double vision get on cover test?

A

esotropia/exotropia

37
Q

what result will someone with vertical double vision get on cover test?

A

hypertropia

hypotropia

38
Q

vertical double vision is a problem of what muscles?

A

SO
SR
IO
IR

39
Q

what does 6/6 vision mean?

A

you can see the the line corresponding to the number 6 (the bottom line) 6m away from the snellan chart

40
Q

if you can read 3 out of 5 letters on the line corresponding to number 6, what vision do you have?

A

6/6 minus 2

41
Q

how can you tell whether visual loss is due to pathology or just refractive error?

A

do pinhole test; if eyesight is better the eye is healthy

42
Q

what is RAPD?

A

relative afferent pupillary defect (pupil stays dilated when light is shone on it)

43
Q

3 elements of the accommodation reflex?

A

convergence
miosis
lens shortens and thickens

44
Q

damage to the upper part of the optic disc will affect what part of the vision?

A

lower portion

45
Q

what causes glaucoma?

A

increased pressure in the eye causes loss of the retinal nerve fibre layer

46
Q

cause of cupping?

A

atrophy of retinal nerve fibres

47
Q

you don’t get neovascularisation in glaucoma T or F

A

T

48
Q

6/60 vision is worse than 6/4 vision T or F

A

T

49
Q

hypermetropic people are at higher risk of what eye condition?

A

angle closure

50
Q

Tx for dry MD

A

supportive

replace pigments

51
Q

Tx for wet MD

A

anti-VEGF injections

52
Q

what lifestyle factors increase risk of MD

A

smoking

bad diet

53
Q

is angle closure glaucoma sore?

A

yes

54
Q

unilateral sore eye that is worse at night with associated sudden loss of vision?

A

angle closure glaucoma

55
Q

associated symptoms of angle closure glaucoma?

A

nausea

headaches

56
Q

young myope who has sudden loss of vision in 1 side of the eye?

A

retinal detachment

57
Q

main symptoms of retinal detachment

A

sudden loss of vision
flashes
floaters

58
Q

what existing conditions can predispose to retinal detachment?

A

Ct disorder eg marfans

59
Q

Tx for retinal detachment

A

emergency vitrectomy if macula is preserved

vitrectomy within 5 days if not

60
Q

Tx for herpetic ulcers?

A

topical aciclovir

61
Q

stressed, tired lady with a history of coldsores has a watery gritty eye and decreased corneal sensation

A

herpetic conjunctivitis

2 Opthalmology (13 decks)

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