Observational techniques Flashcards
What is a controlled observation?
An observation that takes place in a highly controlled environment such as a laboratory setting
What is a naturalistic observation?
An observation that takes place in people’s natural environment without control of the variables
What is a covert observation?
Observation that takes place without the knowledge or awareness of the participants
What is a overt observation?
Observation that takes place with the knowledge and awareness of the participants
What is a participant observation?
Data is gathered by the psychologist whilst being part of the observed group or situation
What is a non-participant observation?
Data is gathered “from a distance” without the psychologist being involved in the observed group or situation
What are strengths of a controlled observation?
High level of control
Easier to establish cause and effect relationships
What are limitations of a controlled observation?
Artificial environment may result in artificial behaviour
What are strengths of a naturalistic observation?
High degree of natural behaviour meaning findings can be generalised to everyday life
What are limitations of a naturalistic observation?
No control of variables so difficult to establish cause and effect relationships
What are strengths of a covert observation?
More valid results from participants as natural behaviour is being observed
What are limitations of a covert observation?
Lack of informed consent means there are ethical issues
What are strengths of an overt observation?
Ethically sound as participants know they are being observed and will have given consent
What are limitations of an overt observation?
Participants may not behave naturally if they are being aware of being observed
What are strengths of a participant observation?
Greater insight into behaviour are gained by being part of the group
Increases validity of the findings
