Observational Techniques Flashcards
What is an observation
A researcher watches and records natural behaviour of PPS without manipulating the DV
What is a controlled observation
Observing behaviour in a structured and controlled environment
Strengths of a controlled observation
- Easy replication
-able to focus on particular aspects of behaviour
-more control over extraneous and confounding variables
Weaknesses of a control observation.
- More likely to be observing unnatural behaviour
- low ecological validity
-demand characteristics
What is a naturalistic observation
Watching and observing behaviou in an everyday setting
Strengths of a naturalistic experiment
-high ecological validity
-high external validity
Weaknesses of a naturalistic observation
-replication difficult
-little control over extraneous and confounding variables
What is an overt observation
Pps are aware that their behaviour is being studied
Strengths of overt observation
-ethically acceptable as informed consent given
Weaknesses or overt observation
- More likely to record unnatural behaviour as Pps know they’re being watched
-demand characteristics reduce validity of findings
What is a covert observation
Pps are unaware that their behaviour is being recorded and watched
Strengths of covert observation
- Natural behaviour is being recorded hence high internal validity
-reduces likely hood if demand characteristics
Weakness of covert observation
Ethical issues presented- no informed consent given
-invading pps privacy
What is Participant observation
The researcher who is observing is also part of the group that is being observed
Strengths of participant observation
-provide special insights into behaviour from the inside which increases the validity
