Ethical Issues Flashcards
What is informed consent
PPS must be told the purpose and of the investigation and any potential risks
This allows them to make an informed decision on whether to participate
Limitations of informed consent
PPS is given full info so leads to demand characteristics- leads to bias
Doesn’t guarantee pps really understand what they are getting into
What is deception
Deliberately withholding info about the study
How to deal with informed consent
Retrospective- researcher asks for consent to pps after the study
Presumptive consent - researcher asks a similar group to the sample if they would agree to take part of the study
Prior general consent - pps agree to a long list of potential features of a study
How to deal with deception
Debriefing-all pps would be debriefed after the study - pps should be told what their data is used for -pps have the right to withdraw or withhold data
Limitations of deception
Cost benefit decisions are flawed because they involve subjective judgements and the true value of the study isn’t always apparent after study has been conducted so it is difficult to conduct a cost benefit analysis
What is the right to withdraw
Pps can stop participating in a study with no consequences- this includes withdrawing data
How do you deal with the right to withdraw
Pps should be informed at the beginning of the study that they have the right to withdraw
Limitations of the right to withdraw
People may feel like they can’t withdraw as they may feel like they will spoil the study
Pps are sometimes paid so do not feel like they can withdraw
What is protection from harm
In the study pps must be protected from physiological and psychological harm
How to deal with protection from harm
Stop the study if harm is suspected
If pps are exposed to psychological harm they should provide counselling
Limitations of protection from harm
Harm may not be apparent and hard to judge
What is confidentiality
The Right pps have in which personal data of theirs is protected
How do you deal with confidentiality
Researches should not record the names of any pps
They should use fake names or numbers
What is privacy
A persons right to control the flow of information about themselves
