Obesity and Regulation of Appetitie

Question 1

What does BMI equal?

Answer 1

weight(kg)/height (m^2)

Question 2

Obesity equals?

Answer 2

BMI over 30

Question 3

Overwt BMI=

Answer 3

25-29

Question 4

High risk waist circumference in men? Women

Answer 4

Men= over 40

Women over 35

Question 5

What goes up about 5 minutes before hunger hits

Answer 5

Ghrelin

Question 6

What is the endocannabanoid system

Answer 6

Endogenous signaling system. Consists of two types of receptors CB1 and CB2. Generally silent but becomes active in order to reduce pain and anxiety, modulate body temp, inhibit motor behavior, extinguish aversive memories, induce appetite

Question 7

Normal BMI=

Answer 7

25 or lower
25-30= overwt
30-35= obese
35 and up= morbidly obese

Question 8

What are the two components to determining obesity

Answer 8

BMI and waist cuircumference. Visceral fat in the abdomen is very dangerous.

Question 9

Fat is stored as

Answer 9

Triglycerides. KNOW THIS!!! STORED FAT IS TRIGLYCERIDES. Storing fat is not a terrible thing. When we store fat, we are bringing down FFA from the plasma.

Question 10

Visceral fat puts out more toxic products than other fat stores. Toxic products like

Answer 10

cytokines, c-reactive protein, TNF-alpha

Question 11

What is the only good thing that comes out of fat cells

Answer 11

Adiponectin….and less of it comes out the more overwt you get

Question 12

What are the three components that make up energy expenditure

Answer 12

Physical activity, thermic effect of food, Basal metabolic rate.

Question 13

What is the most important of these three

Answer 13

Basal Metaboloic Rate

Question 14

NEAT

Answer 14

Non-excercise activity thermogenesis. Can be calculated by figuring out thermal energy of food and the BMR and subtracting NEAT from it

The other option is to estimate activities

Question 15

What part of the hypothalamus expresses receptors for the hormones and neuropeptides that regulate feeding?

Answer 15

Arcuate nucleus

Question 16

What is the major site of TRH and CRH synthesis in the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 17

The para ventricular nucleus, obviously would want to receive signals from teh ARC in order to better judge when TRH and CRH would need to be released

Answer 17

ok

Question 18

Neropeptide Y, Aghouti related Proteins (AgRP), and hypocretin/oxerins stimulate what?

Answer 18

Food intake

Question 19

In rats, NPY stimulated food uptake for a short period, AgRP for longer periods

Answer 19

ok

Question 20

The Endocannabanoid system

Answer 20

Generally silent but becomes active to decrease pain and anxiety, abolish bad memories, regulate body temperature, hormone release and smooth muscle tone, inhibit motor activity, induce appetite

Question 21

Which ECS receptors are involved in appetite

Answer 21

CB1

Question 22

Overactive ECS leads to what three things

Answer 22

1) increased appetite
2) increased motivation to eat
3) increased fat storage.

Its a feed forward system. The more you eat the more active it becomes

Question 23

The hypothalamic anorexigenic agents include the melanocortins, cocaine-and-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), and serotonin.

Answer 23

KNOW

Question 24

Leptin seems to promote not eating

Answer 24

ok

Question 25

Congenital leptin deficiency leads to

Answer 25

Severe childhood obesity

Question 26

Leptin deficiency occurs when what is deleted

Answer 26

guanine in codon 133

Question 27

MC4 receptor dediciency also leads to obesity

Answer 27

ok

Question 28

KNOW THE CHART YOU MADE

Answer 28

ok

Question 29

Hypertension, dyslipidemia, T2D

Answer 29

These comormidities increase as BMI increases. BMI over 27 is bad news.

Question 30

. Virtually all of the peripheral signals (e.g., insulin, PYY, leptin, CCK) are triggered by food ingestion and attenuated by fasting or starvation, indicating a response system that is tailored at satiety and meal termination

Answer 30

important conclusion. Most hormonal actions are post prandial.

Question 31

Ghrelin, the only peripheral signal activated preprandially, may be unique in its role as a rare peripheral signal for hunger and meal initiation.

Answer 31

Ghrelin is unique in that it rises before meals.