Endocrine control of Growth

Question 1

Phases of growth

Answer 1

• fetal
• postnatal
• pubertal
• Adulthood
• Senescent

Question 2

Compensatory growth

Answer 2

if you lose a kidney the other one hypertrophies until it can make up for the loss.

Question 3

Catch-up growth

Answer 3

kid with illness has slow growth, once healed….catches up to normal growth rate

Question 4

psychosocial deprivation

Answer 4

kid is in a home where no one likes him…growth slows….decrease caused by low growth hormone production

Question 5

Growth hormone changes height by what percentage?

Answer 5

20-30%

Question 6

Excess growth hormone leads to

Answer 6

Gigantism…height procedes to maximal genetic potential

Question 7

Growth hormone deficiency

Answer 7

Dwarfism

Question 8

KNOW TABLE 3: Effects of hormonal excess or deficiency on growth and development

Answer 8

ok

Question 9

Excess and deficient growth hormone on skeletal maturation?

Answer 9

Normal in excess. Delayed in deficiency

Question 10

Thyroid deficiency on skeletal maturation

Answer 10

delayed

Question 11

Cortisol excess on skeletal maturation

Answer 11

delayed

Question 12

Somatotropin

Answer 12

GH

Question 13

Somatomedin

Answer 13

Mediates some GH actions, particularly on bone elongation and adipocytes, also known as IGF-1

Question 14

Somatostatin

Answer 14

hypothalamic peptide that prevents GH secretion

Question 15

Somatocrinin

Answer 15

hypothalamic peptide that stimulates GH…GHRH

Question 16

WHat are the two structures of GH?

Answer 16

22k form . this promotes growth and other metabolic actions

20k: only growth promoting

Question 17

Hyposomatotrophic dwarfism

Answer 17

Purely a GH deficiency

Question 18

Panhypopituitarism?

Answer 18

Lacking all of the pit hormones

Question 19

Major actions of GH on: Body mass

Answer 19

Increases it in the juvenile and pubertal periods

Question 20

GH on tallness:

Answer 20

Increases it during juvenile and pubertal periods

Question 21

Gh contributes to bone thickening which means that if GH goes unregulated you can get

Answer 21

acromegaly

Question 22

GH on fat metabolism?

Answer 22

inc in lipolysis, seen as an increase in FFA

Question 23

GH on carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 23

mildly impairs glucose uptake and utilization

Question 24

Somatomedin (IGF-1) hypothesis KNOW

Answer 24

GH acts on liver —> IGF-1 secreted—> long bones–> growth

Question 25

Dual Effector Hypothesis KNOW

Answer 25

GH–> bones, muscle, adipose tissue etc..(DIRECT)

GH—> liver—> hepatic effects–> IGHF-1 incr

Question 26

What effect does T3 have on GH function

Answer 26

It enhances it by:

• increasing sensitivity to GH-RH
• Increasing synthesis
• Increasing Responsiveness

Question 27

Cortisone on GH

Answer 27

Depletes the effect of GH

Question 28

What is the best way to measure a person’s GH since it waxes and wanes?

Answer 28

IGF-1! KNOW THIS