Hypothalamic and ANterior Pituitary Disorders Flashcards
GnRH stimulates what
FSH and LH
(GnRH is a releasing hormone, made in the hypothalamus, we need to know what all of these do.
GHRH stimulates release of
GH
TRH stimulates release of
TSH and Prolactin
VIP stimulates what
Prolactin
CRH and ADH stimulates release of what?
ACTH
GH deficiency leads to what in children
Short stature
GH deficiency in adults leads to
Various problems such as lipid metabolism issues
FSH deficiency =
Infertility
LH deficiency =
Men: hypogonadism and reduced sperm count
Women: hypogonadism, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea
TSH deficiency=
thyroid deficiency
ACTH deficiency=
hypoadrenalism; loss of pigmentation
ADH deficiency
Diabetes Insipidus
Oxytocin deficiency
failure of milk letdown, post-partum bleeding
Only HUMAN growth hormone is effective
truth
Handout: Define Long Loop negative feedback
Target gland hormone regulates secretion at hypothalamic and pituitary level
Handout: Define short loop feedback
Pituitary gland hormone feeds back and regulates hypothalamic hormone release.
Hanout: Define ultrashort loop feedback:
Hypothalamic hormone influences the secretion of its own hormone secreting neuron
Hypopituitarism definition
Partial or complete loss of secretion of one or more pituitary hormones with clinical manifestations of pituitary failure.
Loss of isolated releasing hormones is called monotropic hypopituitarism
Loss of various releasing hormones is polytropic
Pathoma: Non-functional tumors of the anterior pituitary gland often present with what?
Something called mass effect where you get bitemporal hemianopsia due to compression of the optic chiasm, headache, and hypopituitarism due to compression of normal pituitary tissue.
Functional tumors present with features based on the type of hormone produced
What is the most common pituitary adenoma?
Prolactinoma
How does prolactinoma present
galactorrhea (continuous flow of breast milk, amenorrhea (no menstrual cycle)
Growth hormone cell adenoma in children?
Gigantism, increased linear bone growth because the epiphyses are not fused.
Growth hormone cell adenoma in adults
acromegaly- enlarged bones of hand, feet, and jaw. Growth of visceral organs leads to cardiac failure
Why is Diabetes mellitus often present in ppl with a growth hormone adenoma?
Because GH decreases glucose uptake by cells
ACTH cell adenoma
TOO much ACTH leading to Cushings SYndrome
Not done
ok
