Hypothalamic and ANterior Pituitary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH stimulates what

A

FSH and LH

(GnRH is a releasing hormone, made in the hypothalamus, we need to know what all of these do.

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2
Q

GHRH stimulates release of

A

GH

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3
Q

TRH stimulates release of

A

TSH and Prolactin

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4
Q

VIP stimulates what

A

Prolactin

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5
Q

CRH and ADH stimulates release of what?

A

ACTH

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6
Q

GH deficiency leads to what in children

A

Short stature

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7
Q

GH deficiency in adults leads to

A

Various problems such as lipid metabolism issues

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8
Q

FSH deficiency =

A

Infertility

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9
Q

LH deficiency =

A

Men: hypogonadism and reduced sperm count
Women: hypogonadism, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea

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10
Q

TSH deficiency=

A

thyroid deficiency

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11
Q

ACTH deficiency=

A

hypoadrenalism; loss of pigmentation

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12
Q

ADH deficiency

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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13
Q

Oxytocin deficiency

A

failure of milk letdown, post-partum bleeding

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14
Q

Only HUMAN growth hormone is effective

A

truth

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15
Q

Handout: Define Long Loop negative feedback

A

Target gland hormone regulates secretion at hypothalamic and pituitary level

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16
Q

Handout: Define short loop feedback

A

Pituitary gland hormone feeds back and regulates hypothalamic hormone release.

17
Q

Hanout: Define ultrashort loop feedback:

A

Hypothalamic hormone influences the secretion of its own hormone secreting neuron

18
Q

Hypopituitarism definition

A

Partial or complete loss of secretion of one or more pituitary hormones with clinical manifestations of pituitary failure.
Loss of isolated releasing hormones is called monotropic hypopituitarism
Loss of various releasing hormones is polytropic

19
Q

Pathoma: Non-functional tumors of the anterior pituitary gland often present with what?

A

Something called mass effect where you get bitemporal hemianopsia due to compression of the optic chiasm, headache, and hypopituitarism due to compression of normal pituitary tissue.

Functional tumors present with features based on the type of hormone produced

20
Q

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

21
Q

How does prolactinoma present

A

galactorrhea (continuous flow of breast milk, amenorrhea (no menstrual cycle)

22
Q

Growth hormone cell adenoma in children?

A

Gigantism, increased linear bone growth because the epiphyses are not fused.

23
Q

Growth hormone cell adenoma in adults

A

acromegaly- enlarged bones of hand, feet, and jaw. Growth of visceral organs leads to cardiac failure

24
Q

Why is Diabetes mellitus often present in ppl with a growth hormone adenoma?

A

Because GH decreases glucose uptake by cells

25
Q

ACTH cell adenoma

A

TOO much ACTH leading to Cushings SYndrome

26
Q

Not done

A

ok