Obesity Flashcards
What is obesity
When a persons BMI is 30% +
Causes of obesity
Incorrect energy balance Poor food choices Medications Emotional issues Lack of physical excercise
Health risks associated with obesity
Stroke High blood pressure Infertility Arthritis Gallstones Sleep apnea
How is a stoke caused
Interruption of the blood supply to the brain depriving brain tissues of oxygen and nutrients
How is hypertension caused
By high blood pressure forging blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps faster then usual
What is arthritis
Chronic flammation of joints
What are gallstone s
Small stones made of cholesterol that form in the gall bladder
If it gets trapped it can cause severe abdominal pain
What is sleep apnea
One or more pauses in breath during sleep
Treatment of obesity
Low calorie diet
Increase of excercise
Dietary guidelines for an obses person
Eat a low calorie diet
Ensure portion sizes are accurate
Increase fruit and veg as they are low calorie
Avoid processed foods as they are higher in fat and calories
Reduce empty calories e.g. Fizzy drinks and alcohol
Grill bake and steam food
When does coronary heart disease occur?
When the walls of the Coronary arteries narrow due to a build up of cholesterol
What does the buildup of the cholesterol prevent
Flow of oxygen rich blood to the heart
What is the hardening of thr arteries due to cholesterol
Arteriosclerosis
What are the effects of coronary heart disease
Angina
Heart attack
Sudden cardiac death
What is angina
Cholestrol build up preventing oxygen to the heart muscle leading to shortness in breath and severe chest pains
What causes heart attacjs
Blood clot develops in an already narrow artery blocking blood flow and oxygen supply to thr heart causing chest pain and shortness in breath
What is cholesterol,
A soft wax like substance produced by the liver or obtained by food
What is a certain amount of cholestrol needed for
Bile to help emulsify lipids during digestion
Transport fat around the blood
Attached to protein to make lipoproteins
Essential component of cell membrane
What are the 2 types of lipoproteins
LDLs
HDLs
Risk associated with CHD
Smoking narrows blood vessels
Alcohol increases blood clots
Lack of excercise causes LDLs to remain high
Diet in sat fat raises LDLs
Obesity strains the heart
High stress reduced blood flow to the heart
Lifestyle guidelines to reduce CHD
Reduce weight Excercise daily Avoid alcohol Do not smoke Reduce stress
Dietary guidelines to reduce CHD
Reduce intake of Hugh sat fat foods Use unsaturated food sources Choose lean sources of protein Reduced refined carbohydrates Choose functional foods
