obesity Flashcards
dyslipidemia
abnormal amount of lipids in the blood
dyslipidemia is defined by the presence of
elevated levels of total cholesterol or LDL-C, elevated TG, low HDL
___% of people in the US have dyslipidemia
30
most contributing factor to dyslipidemia
poor dietary and lifestyle choices
very high levels of cholesterol often cluster within
families
foundation for the treatment of dyslipidemia
lifestyle changes
aerobic training consistently reduces ____ levels by ____, but does not have an affect on _____ or ____
LDL-C, 3-6mg/dL, HDL-C, TG
resistance training appears to reduce ___ and ___ concentrations by ____
6-0 mg/dL
______ appear to have important beneficial effects on improving dyslipidemia and should be encouraged
dietary improvement, weight loss
non-HDL-C: desirable level
<130
non-HDL-C: abode desirable
130-159
non-HDL-C: borderline high
160-189
non-HDL-C: high
190-219
non-HDL-C: very high
> 220
LDL-C: desirable
<100
LDL-C: above desirable
100-129
LDL-C: borderline high
130-159
LDL-C: high
160-189
LDL-C: very high
> 190
HDL-C: low men and women
<40
<50
triglyceride: normal
<150
triglyceride: borderline high
150-199
triglyceride: high
200-499
triglyceride: very high
> 500
statin drugs, also known as ________, are very effective for the treatment of dyslipidemia
HMG-CoA reductase inhibtors
the four most important groups of people who benefit from statins are
established CVD
LDL-C levels >190
with diabetes who are >40 y/o
estimated 10-yr risk for CVD of >7.5%
dyslipidemia: exercise test is not required for
asymptomatic individuals
use caution when testing individuals with dyslipidemia because
undeterred underlying CVD may be present
dyslipidemia special consideration should be given to the presence of
other chronic diseases and health conditions that may require modifications to standard exercise testing protocols and modalities
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic frequency
> 5 days
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance frequency
2-3days
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility frequency
> 2-3 days
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic intensity
40-75% O2R or HRR
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance intensity
50-69% 1RM to 70-85% 1RM
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility intensity
point of tightness or slight discomfort
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic time
30-60 min/day
50-60min/day or more
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance time
2-4 sets, 8-12 reps for strength
<2 sets, 12-20 reps for muscular endurance
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility time
hold for 10-30sec, 2-4 reps
FITT dyslipidemia:
aerobic type
prolonged rhythmic using large muscle groups
walking, cycling, swimming
FITT dyslipidemia:
resistance type
machines, free weights and/or body weight
FITT dyslipidemia:
flexibility type
static, dynamic, PNF stretch
adults older than age 65 yr and with dyslipidemia should follow
ACSM exercise guidelines for older adults
individuals taking statins or fabric acid may experience
muscle weakness and soreness termed myalgia
overweight is defined by BMI
25-29.9
obesity is defined by BMBI
30+
___% of US adults are classified as either overweight or obese, with ___% obese and ___% extremely obese
70, 40, 7
____% of children and adolescents are overweight and obese
32
overweight and obesity are linked to numerous chronic diseases including
CVD, DM, cancer, musculoskeletal problems
sustained weight loss of 3-5% is likely to result in clinically meaningful reductions in
triglycerides, blood glucose, and HbA1C levels, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
weight regain averages ____% of initial weight loss within 1 year of terminating weight loss treatment
30-50c
combining reductions in EI with increases in EE typically result in
an initial 5-10% reduction in body weight
___appears to have a modest impact on weight loss observed across the initial weight loos intervention compared with reductions in ___
PA, EI
the combination of moderate reductions in ___ with adequate levels of ___ maximizes weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity
EI, PA
the ACSM’s position stand on PA and weight loss indicates this dose-response relationship:
___of PA promotes minimal weight loss
____ of PA results in modest weight loss of 2-3 kg
____ of PA results in a 5-7.5 kg weight loss
<150 min/wk
>150 min/wk
>225-420 min/wk
PA appears to be necessary for most individuals to prevent ____
weight regain
literature that suggests it may take more than ____ or ____ of PA on most days of the week
150 min/week
30 min/day
some evidence supports ____min/week of PA during weight maintenance to reduce weight regain after weight loss
200-300
overweight and obesity exercise testing: the timing of ____ should be considered
medications, beta-blockers, antidiabetic medications
overweight and obesity exercise testing: low exercise capacity may necessitate a
low initial workload and small increments per testing
overweight and obesity FITT:
aerobic
F: >5d/week
I: initial 40-59% HRR, progress to >60%
T: 30 min/day, increase to 60 min/day
prolonged, rhythmic activities using T: large muscle groups
overweight and obesity FITT:
resistance
F: 2-3day/week
I: 60-70% 1RM
T: 2-4 sets, 8-12 reps
T: machines, free weight
overweight and obesity FITT:
flexibility
F: >2-3 days/week
I: tightness, slight discomfort
T: hold 10-30s, 2-4 rep
T: static, dynamic, PNF
the duration of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA should initially progress to at least
30 min/day
to promote long-term weight loss maintenance, individuals should progress to at lease _____ of moderate-to-vigorous exercise
at least 250 min/week
to achieve the weekly maintenance activity goal of >250 min/week, exercise and PA should be preformed
5-7 days/week
PA may be accumulated in multiple daily bouts of
10 mins in duration or through increase in other forms of moderate intensity lifestyle PA
____ training alone does not result in clinically significant weight loss
resistance
the addition of resistance exercise to energy restriction does not appear to prevent the loss of
fat-free mass or the observed reduction in resting EE
resistance exercise may enhance
muscular strength and physical function
there may be additional health benefits of participating in resistance exercise such as
improvements in CVD and DM risk factors and other chronic disease risk factors
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
target minimal reduction in body weight of at least ____% of initial body weight over ___ months
3-10%
3-6 months
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
a reduction of ____ kcal/day is adequate to elicit a weight loss of 1-2lb/week
500-1000
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
weight loss beyond 5-10% may require more _______. for those who do not respond to any degree of lifestyle intervention, _____ may be appropriate
aggressive nutrition, exercise and behavioral intervention
medical treatment, medicine
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
medically indicated very low-calorie diets (____kcal/day) can result in greater initial weight loss amounts
<1500
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
<1500 kcal/day incorporate opportunities to enhance communication between
health care professionals, RDN, exercise professionals, individuals with overweight and obesity following the initial weight loss period
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
<1500 kcal/day are ___ managed and only used for
medically selected individuals, short periods of time
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
target ______ behaviors because sustained changes in both behaviors result in significant long-term weight loss and maintenance
changing eating, exercise
overweight and obesity exercise training considerations:
assist individuals with achieving evidence-based recommendations for _____ exercising during both weight loss and weight loss maintenance phases
aerobic
bariatric surgery
weight loss surgery, BMI >40 or with comorbid risk factors BMI >35
bariatric surgery: exercise will likely facilitate the achievement and maintenance of _______ post surgery, and there is evidence of improved _____ and ___ following surgery
energy balance
insulin sensitivity, CRF
preliminary data from large trial reported that the majority of those undergoing bariatric surgery increased their
PA levels post surgery
bariatric surgery: once cleared for exercise, follow FIIT for
overweight and obese individuals
those with a history of orthopedic injuries should be assessed to reduce risk of
aggravation of weight-bearing exercise
for those whom excessive body weight may limit the ability to engage in weight bearing exercise or continuous exercise
intermittent exercise and non-weight-bearing alternative should be considered
bariatric surgery: _________ may be slowly introduced to make up a greater portion of the exercise program
continuous exercise, weight-bearing exercise such as walking
