clinical tests Flashcards
fitness testing provides baseline data to
educate individuals about their health/fitness status relative to standards and norms
fitness testing data helps in
developing individualized exercise prescriptions to address all health/fitness components
test results can motivate individuals by
establishing reasonable and attainable health/fitness goals
muscle fitness tests at the start of an exercise training or as part of a health/fitness screening evaluation can provide
information on an individuals baseline fitness level
rationale for testing
baseline
compared to established standards
serve as a basis for designing individualized exercise training programs
results show an individuals progressive improvements over time
indications for clinical exercise testing encompasses three general categories
diagnosis
prognosis
evaluation of the physiologic response to the exercise
diagnosis
presence of disease or abnormal physiological response
prognosis
risk for an adverse event
evaluation of the physiologic response to exercise
BP, peak exercise capacity
most common diagnostic indication is the
assessment of symptoms suggestive of ischemic heart disease
current evidence does not support the routine use of exercise testing to screen for
IHD in asymptomatic individuals who have a very low or low pretest probability of IHD
has an optimal testing order for multiple health related components of fitness been established?
no
___ measurements should be attained first
resting
resting measurements
HR, BP, height, weight, body composition
clinical tests preferred sequence
review PMH/health screen/IC
vital signs and height/weight
body comp
movement screen
flexibility/ROM
muscle performance
balance
aerobic/anaerobic
anthropometric methods
height, weight, BMI
circumfrences
skinfold
densitometry
hydrodensitometry
plethysmography
other techniques of body composition
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
total body electrical conductivity (TBEC)
bioelectrical impedance analysis
body weight should be measured using
calibrated balance beam or electronic scale
BMI is used to assess
weight relative to height
BMI calculated by
dividing body weight in kg by height in m^2
waist to hip ratio
circumference of the waist / circumference of the hips
waist hip ratio traditionally has been used as a simple method for
assessing body fat distribution and identifying individuals with higher and more detrimental amounts of abdominal fat
health risk ___ as WHR increases
increases
flexibility
ability to move a joint through its complete ROM
flexibility depends on
distensibility of the joint capsule
adequate warm up
muscle viscosity
flexibility is best assessed using
goniometer
flexibility clinical tests
SLR, appleys scratch
although muscular strength refers to the external force that can be generated by specific muscle or muscle group, it is commonly expressed in terms of
resistance met or overcome
strength can be assessed either
statically or dynamically
static strength test example
hand grip strength test
dynamic strength test example
1-RM and multiple RM
hand grip strength test
static
elbow flexed at 90
3 trials
30 second chair test
arms crossed
standard chair
ability to maintain a desired position
balance
balance training can reduce risk of
ankle sprains, falls
balance is increasingly becoming an additional component of
health related fitness
tests for balance are subdivided into
static or dynamic
indirect method for evaluating balance
measure the time one can stay stationary during a static balance task
or
range one can cover while maintaining postural control during a dynamic balance task
most common balance tests
BESS, y-balance
BESS test
Romberg stance, unipedal stance, tandem stance on floor, repeat on airex/foam pad
errors counted in BESS
lift hands off food
open eyes
step/stumble
excessive hip flex or abd
lift foot or heel
low levels of CRF have been associated with
markedly increased risk of premature death from all causes and specifically from CVD
increases in CRF are associated with
reduction in death from all causes
high levels of CRF are associated with
higher levels of habitual PA, which in turn are associated with many health benefits
assessment of CRF is an important part of
primary or secondary prevention and rehab programs
common modes used for exercise testing
field tests, motor-driven treadmills, mechanically brakes cycle ergometers
fiels tests
1/5mil run/walk test
Cooper 12-min test
rockport one mile walk
6 min walk
step test
step test
3 min
12 in step
tempo of 96 bpm
multiple factors should be considered during the interpretation of exercise test data
compare to norms
fitness level
interpreting clinical exercise test
individual symptoms, ECG response, exercise capacity, hemodynamic responses, combination of multiple responses
