cancer Flashcards
cancer
disease in which some of the body’s cells grow and uncontrollably spread to other parts of the body
stage 0 cancer
cancer cells found in their earliest form
stage 1 cancer
small tumor that hasn’t spread
stage 2 cancer
cancer that has grown more deeply into nearby tissue
stage 3 cancer
cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or nearby tissue
stage 4 cancer
cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body
leading site of new cancer and deaths for males
new cases: prostate
death: lungs and bronchus
leading site of new cancer and deaths for females
new: breast
death: lungs and bronchus
projection of survivorship of cancer
31% increase by 2030
of new cancer cases projected in 2024
2M +
of all cancer deaths in people under 50, ____ is now #1 in men and #2 in women
colorectal
___ screenable cancers on the rise
4
recommendations ___ min of moderate intensity aerobic activity each week and ___ muscle strength activities
150, 2 days
benefits of exercising for individuals along the cancer continuum
decreased risk of reoccurrence
improved physical function
improved treatment tolerance
decreased lymphedema risk
improved mental health
decreased fatigue
focused clinical evaluation
weight/BMI
blood pressure
history of anemia
baseline level of activity, current
barriers to PA
systems
diseases
treatable contributing factors
assessment of comorbitities and treatment effects as appropriate
CVD
pulmonary disease
arthritis/musculoskeletal issues
lymphedema
peripheral neuropathy
bone health/strength
incontinence
stoma or ostomy
fall risk assessment
assistive decides
history of anemia/thrombocytopenia
steroid myopathy
cancer treatment
surgery
immunotherapy and endocrine therapy
radiation
chemotherapy
cardiovascular and pulmonary considerations (cancer)
cardiac: chemotherapy
pulmonary: radiation in lung field, lobectomy
monitor vital signs
obtain medical clearance
aromatase inhibitors
estrogen
arthralgia and myalgia
androgen deprivation therapy
testosterone
weakness and difficulty building muscle mass
lymphedema
abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the tissue which can result in swelling of a body part and fibrosis
who is at risk to develop lymphedema
most commonly associated with women with a history of breast cancer
any individual with lymph node removed for biopsy
lymphedema signs and symptoms
heavines
fullness
visible swelling
sleeves and jewelry are tight
lymphedema high risk to develop
cellulitis infection
complete decongestive therapy:
skin and wound care
exercise
compression bandages
manual lymph drainage
phase 1 decongestion
phase 2 maintenance
exercise safely with lymphedema
strength after breast cancer program
sno set restrictions
recommendation to wear garment
initiate low and slow
monitor symptoms of exacerbation
chemo induced peripheral neuropathy sensory symptoms
pain, burning, tingling, numbness, sensitivity to temp and pressure
chemo induced peripheral neuropathy motor symptoms
muscle atrophy, weakness, balance impairment, gait impairment
certain chemotherapy drugs can cause neurotoxicity to also include
vestibular symtpoms
osteoporosis may be a result of
hormone therapy
osteoporosis is ____ induced
radiation
bone metastasis location (cancer)
lesion
bone metastasis may cause
bony compromise with increase risk for fracture
with bone metastasis, avoid
direct loading to lesions or of muscles proximal
long lever strengthening
high intensity loading
excessive rotation and bending
excessive end range motions
bladder main sites of metastasis
bone, liver, lung
breast main sites of metastasis
bone, brain, liver, lung
colon main sites of metastasis
liver, lung, peritoneum
kidney main sites of metastasis
adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung
lung main sites of metastasis
adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung
melanoma main sites of metastasis
bone, brain, liver, lung, skin, muscle
ovary main sites of metastasis
liver, lung, peritoneum
pancreas main sites of metastasis
liver, lung, peritoneum
prostate main sites of metastasis
adrenal gland, bone, liver, lung
rectal main sites of metastasis
liver, lung, peritoneum
stomach main sites of metastasis
liver, lung, peritoneum
thyroid main sites of metastasis
bone, liver, lung
uterus main sites of metastasis
bone, liber, lung, peritoneum, vagina
pelvic floor dysfunction
bowel and bladder and/pr sexual dysfunction
pelvic floor dysfunction common causes in oncology population
radiation
post op
treatment side effect
compression due to tumor location
pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms considered medical emergency
onset of bowel or bladder incontinence
stoma and ostomy may be present following
resection due to colorectal cancer
anemia and thrombocytopenia symptoms
weakness
shortness of breath
dizziness/lightheadedness
high bleeding risk/easily bruised
steroid myopathy
proximal muscle weakness that occurs in individuals with prolonged and chronic steroid use
steroid myopathy can affect ___ function
respiratory
steroid myopathy most commonly seen in individuals with
brain cancer
HSCT injury risk
light intensity avoiding vigorous exercise due to potential immune effects
prostate cancer injury risk
fracture risk due to hormone therapy, radiation, bony mets
breast cancer injury risk
fracture risk due to hormone therapy, radiation, bony mets
multiple myeloma injury risks
high incidence of bony involvement
be mindful of body mechanics and loading as if osteoporotic
individuals in active cancer treatment unsafe for exercise if displaying
significant weakness
gait pattern change
anemia
signifiant fatigue
any other worsening or change in physical status
aerobic FITT for cancer survivors
3-5 days
40-60% HRR
30 mins
any preferred
resistance FITT for cancer survivors
2-3 days, 48 hours in between
60-80% 1RM
>1 set, >8 reps per set 60s rest
all major muscle group
flexibility FITT for cancer survivors
2-3 days to daily
within limits of pain
10-30 sec
static for major
