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exercise prescription > diabetes > Flashcards

diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

types of diabetes

A

T1, T2, gestational

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2
Q

type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in

A

children, adults

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3
Q

type 1 diabetes: the body _____ insulin

A

does not produce

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4
Q

insulin allows the body to

A

properly use glucose

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5
Q

___ is the basic fuel for the cells in the body

A

glucose

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6
Q

insulin takes ___ from blood into ____ where it can provide energy

A

glucose, cells

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7
Q

insulin is made from ____ cells inside of the ____

A

beta, pancreas

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8
Q

beta cells release insulin to

A

help the body use or store glucose

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9
Q

in type 1, beta cells

A

do not work

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10
Q

in type 2, beta cells

A

don’t produce enough insulin for the amount of food eaten

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11
Q

insulin cannot be taken in ___ form

A

pill

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12
Q

insulin must be _____ to get into the bloodstream

A

injected subcutaneously

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13
Q

length of time before insulin reaches the bloodstream and begins lowering blood glucose

A

onset

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14
Q

time during which insulin is at maximum strength in terms of lowering blood glucose

A

peak time

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15
Q

how insulin continues to lower blood glucose

A

duration

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16
Q

one very long-acting insulin (___) starts to lower blood glucose levels ______ after injection, and keeps working ______

A

glargine
1 hour, evenly for 24 hours

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17
Q

rapid onset time

A

5 min

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18
Q

short onset time

A

30 min

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19
Q

intermediate onset time

A

2-4 hours

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20
Q

long onset time

A

6-10 hours

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21
Q

rapid peak time

A

1 hour

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22
Q

short peak time

A

2-3 hours

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23
Q

intermediate peak time

A

4-12 hours

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24
Q

rapid duration

A

2-4 hours

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25
Q

short duration

A

3-6 hours

26
Q

intermediate duration

A

12-18 hours

27
Q

long duration

A

24 hours

28
Q

many factors influence your glucose levels: food and drink

A

what, when, quantity, ingestion order/speed

29
Q

many factors influence your glucose levels: exercise

A

when, how much, type, competitive/combative aspect

30
Q

many factors influence your glucose levels: medication

A

insulin type, injection quantity, time administered, injection site, boosters/vaccines

31
Q

many factors influence your glucose levels: miscellaneous

A

hydration, stress, illness, dawn effect, honeymoon phase, travel/time zone change

32
Q

T1 acute conditions

A

hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis

33
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood glucose

34
Q

hypoglycemia needs to be treated

A

quickly

35
Q

hypoglycemia potential to

A

pass out

36
Q

low blood sugars are ____ dangers whereas high blood sugars cause ____ issues

A

immediate, long term

37
Q

hypoglycemia symptoms

A

shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, headache, pale skin, sudden moodiness or behavior change, clumsy or jerky movements, difficulty paying attention or confusion, tingling sensations around the mouth, passing out

38
Q

hypoglycemia causes

A

eating less CHO than planned
exercising more than planned

39
Q

fastest way to raise blood glucose

A

quick ingestible sugar

40
Q

fastest way to administer sugar is

A

under the tongue, or sprayed in the nasal cavity

41
Q

hypoglycemia treatment

A

check glucose and ingest simple carbs based on rate of decline and activity; wait 15-20 min

42
Q

hypoglycemia: if someone passes out:

A

no insulin injection
no foods or fluids
nasal spray
call emergency services

43
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood glucose levels

44
Q

hyperglycemia can be a serous long term problem if

A

untreated

45
Q

hyperglycemia happens when

A

the body has too little insulin or cant use it properly

46
Q

symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

high glucose concentration in urine
increased thirst, frequency urination
light tingling and constriction around the neck/throat

47
Q

hyperglycemia causes

A

eating more CHO than planned
exercising less than planned
illness/vaccination
cortisone injection
stressful situation

48
Q

hyperglycemia treatment: short term

A

insulin injection, exercise

49
Q

hyperglycemia treatment: long term

A

dietary and/or insulin regiment modification

50
Q

hyperglycemia treatment: four way balancing act

A

diet, mediation, exercise, lifestyle

51
Q

ketones

A

acids that build up in the blood (lowers pH)

52
Q

ketones are an indicator of

A

uncontrolled diabetes leading to ketoacidosis

53
Q

ketones appear in urine when

A

body does not have enough insulin

54
Q

ketone treatment

A

lifestyle modification and temporarily avoiding intense exercise

55
Q

diabetes complications

A

nerve damage, vascular issues, extremity conditions, accelerated heart disease, increased stroke risk, dental health, trigger finger

56
Q

most common form of diabetes

A

2

57
Q

in type 2, body _____ and/or cells____

A

does not produce enough insulin
cannot metabolize glucose properly

58
Q

type 2 treatment

A

oral medications and lifestyle modifications

59
Q

T2 oral medications help in numerous ways

A

stop breakdown of starches
support circadian rhythm
decrease liver glycogen breakdown
send more glucose out through urine
stimulate pancreas to release insulin
increase muscle sensitivity to insulin

60
Q

groups disproportionately affected by type 2

A

blacks, latinos, native Americans, aisan/Pacific Islanders, older individuals

61
Q

thrifty gene theory

A

weight gain occurs more easily/rapidly to manage feast and famine

exercise prescription (16 decks)

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