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exercise prescription > cardiovascular disease risk factors > Flashcards

cardiovascular disease risk factors Flashcards

1
Q

peripheral artery disease is caused by ______, resulting in _____

A

same process as coronary artery disease, reduction of blood flow to regions distal to the area of occlusion

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2
Q

PAD blood flow reduction creates a mismatch between

A

oxygen supply and demand

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3
Q

PAD blood flow reduction creates a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand causing

A

ischemia to develop in the affected areas

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4
Q

PAD severity can be ranked based on

A

presence of signs and symptoms or by the ankle/brachial pressure (ABI)

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5
Q

PAD treatments

A

CV risk reduction, exercise training, pharmacological therapy, and peripheral revascularization

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6
Q

PAD stage 1

A

asymptomatic

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7
Q

PAD stage 2

A

intermittent claudication

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8
Q

PAD stage 2a

A

distance to pain onset >200m

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9
Q

PAD stage 2b

A

distance to pain onset <200m

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10
Q

PAD stage 3

A

pain at rest

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11
Q

PAD stage 4

A

gangrene, tissue loss

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12
Q

PAD exercise testing can be performed to determine

A

functional capacity, to assess exercise limitations
time of onset of claudication pain
total walking time before and following therapeutic intervention
diagnose the presence of CVD and assess for other exercise safety factors

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13
Q

PAD frequency aerobic

A

min 3d/wk, up to 5

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14
Q

PAD frequency resistance

A

at least 2d/wk, non consecutive days

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15
Q

PAD frequency flexibility

A

> 2-3d/wk, pref. daily

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16
Q

PAD intensity aerobic

A

moderate, 40-59% VO2R, to moderate pain or 50-80% max speed walking

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17
Q

PAD intensity resistance

A

60-80% 1-RM

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18
Q

PAD intensity flexibility

A

stretch to tightness/slight discomfort

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19
Q

PAD time aerobic

A

30-45min/day, 12 week, can progress to 60min

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20
Q

PAD time resistance

A

2-3 sets 8-12 rep, 6-8 exercises targeting major groups

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21
Q

PAD time flexibility

A

10-30s hold for static
20-4 rep

22
Q

PAD type aerobic

A

weight-bearing intermittent, seated rest when moderate pain is reached, resume when pain is completely gone

23
Q

PAD type resistance

A

whole body, focus large muscles, emphasis on lower limbs

24
Q

PAD type flexibility

A

static, dynamic, PNF

25
Q

PAD exercise considerations

A

some may need to begin 15min/day, gradually increase 5min biweekly
weight bearing may be supplemented by non weight bearing
cycling or other non weight bearing modalities may be used as warm up

26
Q

claudication

A

aching or burning in leg muscles
reliably reproduced at a set distance of walking
relieved within mins of rest
never present at rest
not exacerbated by position

27
Q

initial claudication time

A

the time at which the patient first begins to feel claudication symptoms

28
Q

intermittent claudication pre-exercise assessment

A

careful evaluation of the lower extremity skin and feet, along with instruction regarding proper shoes to avoid skin irritation and breakdown

29
Q

patients with PAD are at an increased risk for non-healing _____, and careful _____ reassessment is extremely important, especially for those with ______

A

skin ulcers, foot and skin, diabetes, neuropathy

30
Q

exercise prescription for claudication

A

walk/bike to moderate pain level (3-4 of 5 on scale)
stop and sit and rest until pain completely gone, then resume
eventual goal is to progress to cumulative 50 mins
progression should occur during the next session

31
Q

hypertension SPB and DBP

A

> 140/130
90/80

32
Q

the known contributors of primary hypertension include

A

genetic and lifestyle
high-fat, high-salt, physical inactivity

33
Q

estimated ____ US adults >20 years old and more than ____ people worldwide have hypertension

A

78 million
1 billion

34
Q

guidelines for the management of hypertension also emphasize

A

lifestyle modifications

35
Q

individuals with HTN may have an ___ BP response to exercise

A

exaggerated

36
Q

individuals with HTN who’s BP is not controlled should

A

consult with their physician prior to initiating exercise program

37
Q

stage 2 HTN

A

> 160/>100

38
Q

individuals with stage 2 HTN or with target organ disease _______ prior to medical evaluation and BP management

A

must not engage in exercise

39
Q

HTN aerobic
frequency, intensity, time, type

A

> 5-7d/wk
moderate 40-59% O2R, RPE 12-13
30 min/day continuous or accumulated
prolonged, rhythmic activities (walking, cycling, swimming)

40
Q

HTN resistance
frequency, intensity, time, type

A

> 2-3d/wk
moderate 60-70% 1RM
2-4 sets 8-12 reps, >20 mins per session
resistance machines, free weights, bands, functional body weight

41
Q

HTN flexibility
frequency, intensity, time, type

A

> 2-3d/wk
to point of tightness
hold 10-30s 2-4 rep, total 60 sec, <10min
satin, dynamic, PNF

42
Q

hypertension: it is prudent to maintain SPB ___ mmHg and/or ___ DPB mmHg when exercising

A

<220
<105

43
Q

although vigorous intensity aerobic exercise is not necessarily contradicted in individuals with HTN, _______is greatly recommended to optimize benefit-to-risk ratio

A

moderate intensity aerobic

44
Q

vallsalva maneuver can result in

A

extremely high BP responses, dizziness, fainting

45
Q

BP with exercise
systolic:
diastolic:

A

increase
remain the same, or change within 10mmHg

46
Q

antihypertensive medications such as a-blockers, calcium blockers, and vasodilators may lead to _______, therefore termination of exercise should be

A

sudden excessive reductions in post exercise PB
gradual, cool down extended

47
Q

postexercise hypotension

A

BP lowering effects of aerobic exercise are immediate

48
Q

how to modulate postexercise hypotension effects

A

continued very light intensity exercise

49
Q

if an individual with HTN has ischemia during exercise

A

the program for those with CVD with ischemia should be utilized

50
Q

vital signs

A

HR, RR, Sp O2, temp

exercise prescription (16 decks)

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