blood pressure Flashcards
blood flows from the ____ into the right atrium through the _____ valve to the left atrium
superior and inferior cava
tricuspid valve
the right ventricle ejects the blood through _____ into the ____ during ventricle systole
pulmonic valve, pulmonary artery
blood enters the ______ system where it exchanges the CO2 for O2
pulmonary capillary
the oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the ____ and returns to the ____
pulmonary veins, left atrium
the ____pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the ____ to supply all the tissues of the body with O2
left ventricle
aorta
from the systemic circulation, blood return to the heart through the
superior and inferior vena cava
blood pressure
force that drives blood through the circulatory system
blood pressure influenced by
cardiac output, total peripheral resistance
BP= pressure in an artery at
peak of LV systole (SBP) and diastole (DBP)
the 40-year risk for developing HTN is ____% for African Americans, ___% for hispanics __% for whites
93, 93, 86
HTN leads to increased risk for
CVD, angina, MI, heart failure, stroke, PAD
HTN is a major cause of
death and disability
HTN is associated with increased risk of
DM and kidney disease
risk for health related to CVD increases in a strong fashion with
increased BP
hypotension <___ SBP, <___ DBP
80, 60
normal BP
<120, <80
high-normal/elevated/pre-hypertensive BP
120-129, <80
stage 1 hypertension
130-139, 80-89
stage 2 hypertension
> 140, >90
hypertensive crisis
> 180, >120
BP cuff size important: bladder length ___%, width ___%
80, 40
if cuff is too short or too narrow, BP reading will be
erroneously high
if cuff is too wide or too long, BP will be
erroneously low
when a cuff is too small for the upper arm and a larger cuff is not available, or if the arm is so large or its shape cant accommodate a proper fitting cuff, BP should be obtained by
cuff placed on forearm with the auscultation over the radial artery in the wrist
BP measurements are usually taken on the ___ arm
left
20% of individuals have differences of >___mmHg between UE
10
if there is a difference >5 mmHg between the two readings, record and monitor the ___ BP
higher
do not take BP over medical devices like
IV or arterial line, AV shunt
do not take BP on the same side as
mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection
korotkoff sounds are created by
pulsatile blood flow through compressed artery
kortotkoff phase 1 sound
clear tapping sound
kortotkoff phase 1 significance
initial flow of blood through the artery as the constriction of the artery is released
systolic BP
kortotkoff phase 2 sound
softer, swishing or murmur
kortotkoff phase 2 significance
none
kortotkoff phase 3 sound
louder and more crisp
kortotkoff phase 3 significance
none
kortotkoff phase 4 sound
changes from crisp to muffled
kortotkoff phase 4 significance
first diastolic, useful when phase 5 is not detectable
kortotkoff phase 5 sound
cessation of sound
kortotkoff phase 5 significance
diastolic
rolling up sleeves created constriction and ___ BP
confounds
avoid ____ 30 mins before BP assessed
caffeine, tobacco
wrap cuff around upper arm leaving ___ in clearance above antecubital fossa
1
position cuff arrow over
brachial artery
position pressure gauge at
eye level
avoid keeping cuff inflated >60 sec because
discomfort from prolonged inflation may cause bp to rise
inappropriate cuff size
can over or underestimate BP
BP error: tested arm unsupported
muscle contraction can increase BP
BP error: legs crossed
increase systolic by 2-8
BP error: unsupported sitting
increase diastolic by 6
BP error: arm that is not level with heart
appear falsely high when below
when above, falsely low
BP error: rapid deflation of the cuff before korotokoff 5
underestimate systolic BP and overestimate diastolic
BP error: equipment malfunction
various errors
BP error: auditory errors caused by placement of stethoscope, external noise, internal noise, operator error
inability to assess BP or overestimate or underestimate actual BP
low blood volume causes ___ BP
low
high blood viscosity causes ___ BP
high
low vessel size causes ____BP
high
low blood vessel compliance cause ___ BP
high
which race has a higher risk of high BP
African Americans
normally SBP____ with exercise
steadily increase 10+2
normally DBP ____ with exercise
remains the same, or + - 10
