OB Test collaboration Flashcards
In the breech fetus with the transverse spine and orientation marker to the right of the monitor, the fetus is lying _________________
on its right side
When the fetus is vertex and the transverse spine is on the left side of the monitor, the fetus is lying_____________________
on its right side
_________________refers to when the head is down towards the cervix.
vertex
_____________________ breech refers to when the buttocks present first (toward the cervix) and both hips and knees are flexed.
complete
_______________ or “footling” breech indicates the fetus has one foot or both feet down (towards the cervix), so it’s legs are poised to deliver first.
incomplete
A fetus positioned wit the cranium in the superior uterus, rump in the inferior uterus, and spine at the maternal right uterus is labeled:
breech with fetus lying on its right side facing maternal right
Choose the position that is the same as a cephalic presentation.
vertex
Ipsilateral means:
on the same side
The inability of some females to lay supine during weeks 20 - term pregnancy because of a hypotensive state is known as:
aortocaval compression syndrome
A ___________ transducer may provide optimal images well into the third trimester on a thin patient.
5 MHz
A sonographer can adjust power levels adn minimize patient exposure to diagnostic ultrasound by knowing and watching the ultrasound system __________________ levels.
mechanical and thermal indices
A correctly filled bladder allows for imaging of the ________________ and lower placental edge.
cervix
implantation of the placenta in the lower part of the uterus covering the internal cervical os, thus delivering before the fetus
placenta previa
an implantation of a fertilized ovum in any area outside the endometrial cavity
ectopic pregnancy
The output power indication of the amount of acoustic power it takes to raise the temperature of tissue by 1 degree celsius
thermal indices
entrapment of the umbilical cord between the presenting fetal part and the cervix
vasa previa
the amount of transmitted energy by the ultrasound beam. The higher the frequency, the lower the index, thus, the lower the frequency, the higher the index
mechanial indices
compression of the aorta and inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus resulting in symptoms of nausea, hypotension, lightheadedness, and syncope
aortocaval compression syndrome
A sonographer can minimize thermal effects by which one of the following?
a. not staying in one spot to long
b. placing the focus of the beam in the near field
c. scanning over fetal bone
d. increasing acoustic output
a
A sonogram at 8 weeks of gestation demonstrates a cystic area within the posterior cranium. This appearance most likely represents which one of the following?
a. abnormal mesencephalon
b. normal rhombencephalon
c. abnormal rhombencephalon
d. normal prosencephalon
b
In early pregnancy, the gestational sac size grows at a rate of ___________ mm/day.
1-2
In the first trimester, herniated bowel will return within the abdominal cavity by the ____________ week.
12th
The blastocyst typically enters the uterus ___________ days after fertilization.
6-8
The crown-rump length measurement is considered most accurate through the _________ gestational week.
12th
The diameter of the normal yolk sac should never exceed____________ mm.
6
The embryonic heart begins to beat at _________ days after conception.
23
The interface between the decidua capsularis and echogenic vascular endometrium is which one of the following?
a. decidua capsularis
b. decidua basalis
c. double decidual sign
d. chorionic cavity
c
The villi on the myometrial side of the conceptus are known as which one of the following?
a. double decidual sign
b. decidua basalis
c. decidua capsularis
d. chorion laeve
d
To calculate the mean sac diameter of a gestational sac, which one of the following formulas should be used?
a. length x width x height
b. length + width +height
c. (length x width x height)/3
d. (length + width + height)/3
C
Select the normal chromosome number for an ovum
a. 46XXY
b. 46 XY or 46 XX
c. 23XO
d. 22XX or 22 XY
d
Using a transvaginal approach, the first structure visualized within a gestational sac is which one of the following structures?
a. primary yolk sac
b. secondary yolk sac
c. amnion
d. embryo
b
What is the area between the myometrium and the placenta?
retroplacental
Which of the following laboratory tests is used to indicate pregnancy when the values are elevated?
a. FSH
b. LH
c. hcG
d. HL
c
Which one of the following structures forms early in gestation and surrounds the embryo?
a. chorionic cavity
b. chorion frondosum
c. amniotic cavity
d. fetal cavity
c
Where does implantation of the embryo occur?
endometrium
A normal gestation last approximately:
280 days
Which hormone triggers ovulation?
luteinizing
What portion of the fallopian tube does fertilization generally occur in ?
ampullary
Name the solid ball of developing cells that occurs after fertilization.
morula
Identify the blastocyst layer that eventually develops into the embyryonic portion of the placenta.
a. trophoblast
b. embryoblast
c. blastocele
d. cytotrophoblast
a
What structure images after the secondary yolk sac?
embryo
Select the gestational age when the yolk sac images between the chorion and amnion.
a. carnegie stage 11
b. 11 weeks
c. carnegie stage 20
d. 5 weeks
c
Which of the following contributes to the maternal portion of the placenta?
a. embryonic ectoderm
b. chorionic villi
c. chorion laeve
d. decidual basalis
d
Choose the quantitative pregnancy test
a. serum beta hCG
b. urine
c. thyroxin
d. progesterone
a
What would be the correct formula to calculate gestational age in days?
MSD + 30
What is the formula to calculate gestational age in weeks?
menstrual age in days/7
What would be the gestational age of an embryo with a CRL of 0.38 cm?
6.3 weeks
Using Naegele’s rule, what would be the estimated due date for a woman with a LMP of September 10th ?
June 17th
Ultrasound in the first trimester is mostly performed to demonstrate:
EDD
GA
likelihood of continuing to term
What prevents more than one sperm from entering an ovum?
zona pellucida
At what age have the rudimentary forms of all embryonic organs and structures developed?
almost 11 weeks menstrual/GA
The portion of the endometrium that surrounds the blastocyst is:
decidua capsularies
average mean diameter of the gestational sac used to determine GA
mean sac diameter
Calculation to find a patient’s EDD
take LMP
add 1 year
subtract 3 months
add 7 days
Naegele’s Rule
changes in the endometrium to allow implantation of a blastocyst
decidualization
due date, calculated by adding 280 days to the first day of the last menstrual period. Also called estimated date of confinement
estimated date of delivery ( also called estimated date of confinement)
measurement of longest axis of an embryo; determines gestational age
crown rump length
number of times a woman has been pregnant
gravidity
Summary of a woman’s pregnancy outcomes.
parity
product of fertilization including all forms from zygote to fetus
conceptus
first sonographic evidence of an intrauterine pregnancy, the fluid-filled blastocyst
gestational sac
solid cluster on undifferentiated cells formed by repeated cleavage of the single cell that resulted from the fusion of two gametes
morula
duration of pregnancy counted from fertilization expressed in hours or days, also called embryonic age or postovulatory age
conceptual age
bud-like outward growths from the trophoblast, some of which will give rise to the fetal portion of the placenta
chorionic villi
membrane enclosing the amniotic cavity and embryo or fetus
amnion
haploid cell that when merged with a gamete from the opposite sex creates a diploid zygote
gamete
female gamete, aka egg or ovum
oocyte
membrane around the chorionic cavity, made up of trophoblast cells and extraembryonic mesoderm
chorion
subcuteaneous fluid in the posterior region of the neck of embryos and fetuses up to 14 weeks GA.
nuchal translucency
early gestation consisting of a thin outer layer of cells (trophoblast), a fluid-filled cavity, and an inner cell mass (embryoblast)
blastocyst
penetration of an oocyte by a sperm to form a diploid zygote
fertilization
single cell resulting from the fusion of two gametes
zygote
The term for having an abnormal number of chromosomes:
aneuploidy
The term for an abnormally slow heartrate is:
bradycardia
The empty gestational sac seen in an anembryonic pregnancy is:
blighted ovum
A deficiency of red blood cells is:
anemia
The spontaneous failure and expulsion of an early pregnancy is:
abortiona
A spontaneous abortion in which some products of conception remain in the uterus is:
incomplete abortion
An early failed pregnancy that remains in the uterus is termed:
missed abortion
A crescent shaped sonolucent collection of blood between the gestational sac and the uterine wall is:
subchorionic hemorrhage
The term for an abnormally rapid heart rate:
tachycardia
Having three copies of each chromosome is termed:
triploidy
A gestational sac in which the embryo fails to develop is described as:
blighted ovum
Heterotopic pregnancy
concomitant intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy
Embryos with heart rates below ____ beats per minute generally have a poor prognosis.
less than 90
Multiple tiny cluster of grapelike echoes within the uterine cavity best describes:
gestational trophoblastic disease
The best sonographic correlation in the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is the combination of no intrauterine pregnancy and _____
adnexal mass/ tubal ring sign
Which location of ectopic pregnancy would have an increased risk for massive hemorrhage?
interstitial/ the uterine part of the fallopian tube
The most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the first trimester is _____
subchorionic hemorrhage
The serum level beta chg. is _______ with gestational trophoblastic disease
elevated
most common pelvic mass seen in a first-trimester pregnancy
corpus luteal cyst
_____ may contain bowel and organs that may protrude into the base of the umbilical cord. Cannot be differentiated from normal physiological bowel migration until after 12 weeks
bowel gut herniation
Early onset intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a crown rump length ______
10% or less than average
Complete hydatidform mole usually results in:
large for dates uterus and vaginal bleeding
Hydatidform moles are caused by:
abnormal fertilization
Theca Lutein cysts are usually stimulated by excessive levels of hCG and are related to:
complete molar pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy can be caused by:
PID
history of ectopic pregnancy
history of tubal surgery
signs of tubal rupture
hypotension
rebound tenderness
tachycardia
Beta-hCG levels should approximately double every ____ hours/
48
Ectopic pregnancy most often implant in:
fallopian tube
What beta-hCG levels are necessary to visualize an IUP with a transabdominal approach?
6500 mIU/mL
a fluid filled collection caused by bleeding from the decidualized endometrium
pseudosac
A ruptured tubal pregnancy usually appears as _____
complex mass-like area representing hemorrhage and free fluid
Which imaging method is considered the “gold standard” for diagnosing and locating an abdominal ectopic pregnancy?
MRI
A correctly filled bladder bladder allows for imaging of the _____ and lower placental edge.
cervix
A ______ transducer may provide optimal images well into the third trimester on a thin patient.
5 MHz
A fetus positioned with the cranium in the superior uterus, rump in the inferior uterus, and spine at the maternal right uterus is labeled:
breech with fetus lying on right side
A normal gestation lasts approximately:
280 days
A sonogram at 8 weeks of gestation demonstrates a cystic area within the posterior cranium. This appearance most likely represents what?
normal rhombencephalon
At what age have the rudimentary forms of all embryonic organs and structures developed?
almost 11 weeks menstrual/GA
The position that is the same as the cephalic presentation.
vertex
Endovaginal transducers aid the clinician in determining:
EDD
GA
likelihood of continuing to term
Identify the blastocyst layer that eventually develops into the embryonic portion of the placenta.
trophoblast
In early pregnancy, the gestational sac size grows at a rate of ___ mm/day.
1-2
In the breech fetus with the transverse spine and orientation marker to the right of the monitor, the fetus is lying _____.
on its right side
In the first trimester, herniated bowel will return within the abdominal cavity by the ____ week.
12th
Name the solid ball of developing cells that occurs after fertilization.
morula
The normal chromosome number for an ovum
22X or 22Y
The blastocyst typically enters the uterus ____ days after fertilization.
4-5
The crown-rump length measurement is considered most accurate through the ____ gestational week
12
