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OB 1 > Chapter 36: Interventional Ultrasound > Flashcards

Chapter 36: Interventional Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

woman 35 years of age or older

A

advanced maternal age

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2
Q

sampling of amniotic fluid

A

amniocentesis

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3
Q

procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells

A

biopsy

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4
Q

sampling of the chorionic villus of the placenta

A

chorionic villus sampling

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5
Q

early sampling of the exocoelomic cavity fluid via placenta-free areas

A

coelocentesis

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6
Q

aspiration of peritoneal fluid from posterior cul-de-sac

A

culdocentesis

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7
Q

noninvasive ultrasound exam performed with a transducer inserted into the vagina

A

endovaginal ultrasound

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8
Q

more than one fetus

A

multifetal

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9
Q

procedure in which oocytes are aspirated from the ovaries

A

oocyte retrieval

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10
Q

sampling of fetal blood via the umbilical cord

A

percuteaneous umbilical cord sampling

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11
Q

round dish used to culture fetal tissue or cells

A

petri dish

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12
Q

through the cervic

A

transcervical

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13
Q

advantages of CVS

A

accurate
early genetic diagnosis

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14
Q

disadvantages of CVS

A

limb defects
fetal loss
false-positive result

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15
Q

Two most common clinical techniques for obtaining living fetal cell products from pregnant uterus for prenatal diagnosis

A

amniocentesis
chorionic villus sampling

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16
Q

also known as cordocentesis

A

percuteaneous umbilical blood sampling

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17
Q

inserting of a long, fine gauged needle under ultrasound guidance through the skin, subcutaneous tissues, peritoneum, uterus, and amniotic sac of mother’s abdomen and tapping one of the fetal umbilical vessels directly for microliter amounts of fetal blood to analyze

A

percuteaneous umbilical blood sampling

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18
Q

communication process by which occurrence and risk of recurrence of a genetic disorder within a family are discussed

A

genetic counseling

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19
Q

puncture of the amniotic sac

A

amniocentesis

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20
Q

method for relieving intrauterine pressure resulting from abnormal accumulation of amniotic fluid

A

amniocentesis

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21
Q

alpha-fetoprotein is found normally in fetal circulation system and produced by the fetal ____

A

liver

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22
Q

Optimal time to perform genetic amniocentesis is between __ and __ weeks

A

14
20

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23
Q

average waiting period for amniocentesis results

A

7-10 days

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24
Q

__ to __ mL amniotic fluid withdrawn during amniocentesis

A

20
30

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25
Q

What is the dye called used during amniocentesis for twins?

A

indigo carmine dye

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26
Q

allows use of an increasing number of tests for biochemical and molecular disorders and fetal chromosomal abnormalities

A

chorionic villus sampling

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27
Q

Tissue sampled during chorionic villus sampling

A

trophoblast

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28
Q

CVS is typically done between __ and __ weks

A

9
12

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29
Q

thickest part of trophoblast

A

chorion frondosum

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30
Q

where umbilical cord attaches

A

chorion frondosum

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31
Q

target area for CVS

A

chorion frondosum

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32
Q

_____ is the safest and most accurate procedure between CVS and amniocentesis

A

amniocentesis

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33
Q

performed within first 10 weeks of pregnancy

A

coelocentesis

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34
Q

_____ fluid surrounds the amniotic sac

A

coelemic

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35
Q

involves the ultrasound-guided insertion of a needle into extra-amniotic cavity through vagina as early as 6 weeks gestation

A

coelocentesis

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36
Q

Fetal blood sampling from anterior placenta

A

transplacental cordocentesis

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37
Q

allows sampling of cord approximately 1 cm from placental umbilical cord insertion

A

posterior placenta

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38
Q

first choice for fetal blood sampling

A

venous umbilical cord

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39
Q

second choice for fetal blood sampling

A

intrahepatic umbilical vein

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40
Q

diagnosis of a specific enzyme deficit

A

fetal liver biopsy

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41
Q

diagnosis of genodermatoses

A

fetal skin biopsy

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42
Q

prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular atrophy

A

muscle biopsy

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43
Q

reduction of number of embryos to improve survival for remaining ones

A

multifetal pregnancy reduction

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44
Q

Multifetal pregnancy reduction normally delayed until after __ weeks

A

8

45
Q

Multifetal pregnancy reduction transabdominal approach is performed between __ and __ weeks

A

10
12

46
Q

Multifetal pregnancy reduction endovaginal approach is performed between __ and __ weeks

A

8
10

47
Q

most common ultrasound directed endovaginal puncturing procedures

A

endovaginal oocyte retrieval
ovarian cyst aspiration
biopsy of pelvic masses
drainage of pelvic abscesses
culdocentesis
local treatment of ectopic pregnancy

48
Q

Ovarian cyst aspiration should be done during _____ phase

A

early follicular

49
Q

tissue obtained by suction through a needle attached to a syringe

A

needle aspiration biopsy

50
Q

large hollow needle extracts a core of tissue

A

needle core biopsy

51
Q

What drug is used to treat ectopic pregnancy

A

methotrexate

52
Q

prominent, randomly dispersed inside solid part of adnexal mass
separated from ovarian tissue
low- impedance blood flow
resistance index less than 0.45

A

peritrophoblastic flow

53
Q

diagnostic and therapeutic technique in diagnosing tubal patency via injecting and observing fluid into pelvis

A

tubal catheterization

54
Q

35% of all causes of infertility

A

tubal sterility

55
Q

gold standard for ectopic

A

laparascopy

56
Q

Two major groups of contrast media

A

hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic media

57
Q

autosomal recessive disorder
deficiency of galactose - 1- phosphate uridylytransferase

A

galactosemia

58
Q

enables precise evaluation of uterine anatomy and detection of submucosal fibroids and congenital anomalies before insertion of IUCD

A

positioning of IUCD

59
Q

deliver highest dose possible radiant dose to malignant tissue and minimize damage to adjacent normal tissue

A

radiotherapy

60
Q

A gestationally adjusted MSAFP value greater than ____ times the normal limit raises suspicion for birth defects or multiple fetuses

A

2.5

61
Q

The optimal timing for amniocentesis is between __ and __ gestational weeks.

A

14
20

62
Q

_______ is usually performed between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation.

A

chorionic villus sampling

63
Q

_____ removes fluid from the embryonic coelemic fluid surrouding the amniotic sac

A

coelocentesis

64
Q

______, performed vaginally, can provide a sample as early as 6 weeks.

A

coelocentesis

65
Q

Fetal blood sampling occurs at the _____

A

venous cord insertion site

66
Q

_______ is because of Ph-treatment and development of PSV MCA guidelines.

A

fetal transfusion decrease

67
Q

An increase in the need for multifetal pregnancy reduction is because of _____-inducing drug use.

A

ovulation

68
Q

A common clinical technique for retrieving living fetal cells/ cell products from the pregnant uterus is:

A

amniocentesis

69
Q

An ultrasound procedure that obtains fetal blood via a needle inserted into the maternal abdomen is:

A

PUBS

70
Q

Amniocentesis testing is recommended at:

A

14 to 20 weeks

71
Q

Fetal blood sampling occurs at the:

A

venous cord insertion site

72
Q

Vaginal coelocentesis can provide a sample of extra-amniotic fluid as early as:

A

6 weeks

73
Q

Women whose maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening results reveal a value below the mean levels for a given gestational age have been associated with an increased risk for:

A

trisomy

74
Q

Indications for using an endovaginal transducer are all except:
a. ovarian cyst aspiration
b. embryo transfer
c. hemoglobinopathies
d. IUCD position

A

c

75
Q

The main purpose of multifetal pregnancy reduction is to:

A

reduce the number of embryos to improve survival for the remaining ones

76
Q

Hysterosalpinography should always be performed during the ____ of the menstrual cycle.

A

early follicular phase

77
Q

Select the most common endovaginal ultrasound puncture procedure
a. PUBS
b. embryo transfer
c. radiotherapy planning and monitoring
d. oocyte retrieval

A

d

78
Q

Culdocentesis is performed to:

A

acquire fluid posterior to the lower uterus

79
Q

Ultrasound is used to guide local treatment of the drug ____ ectopic pregnancy resolution.

A

methotrexate

80
Q

Which imaging modality is most useful in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy?

A

color Doppler ultrasound

81
Q

The gold standard procedure for establishing tubal condition is:

A

laparascopy

82
Q

3D endovaginal sonography is useful in the detection of all except:
a. IUCD position
b. IUCD shaft and branch orientation
c. detection of IUCD
d. IUCD hormone level

A

d

83
Q

Choose a disadvantage of CVS.
a. accuracy
b. early genetic diagnosis
c. false-positive result
d. ability to obtain living fetal cells or products of them

A

c

84
Q

The legal limit for elective termination of pregnancy in the United States is determined by:

A

state laws

85
Q

Counseling that provides communication regarding the occurrence and risk of occurrence of a familial disorder is:

A

genetic counseling

86
Q

Maternal age-related chromsome abnormality risk increases after the age of ___.

A

35

87
Q

Hysterosonography and hysterosonosalpingography may be frequently preferable to laparoscopy because:

A

the ultrasound procedures are more affordable

88
Q

Cordocentesis is also knowns as ____.

A

PUBS

89
Q

An MSAFP value over ____ times the mean for a particular gestational age is suspect for ____, _____, and many other fetal abnormalities.

A

2.5
multiple pregnancies
fetal demise

90
Q

The optimal timing for a CVS is between the _____ weeks after the last menstrual period.

A

9
12

91
Q

______ is a serum protein found normally in the fetal circulatory system and produced by the fetal _____.

A

AFP
liver

92
Q

Performing amniocentesis in determine the lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) is used to determine the risk of delivering an infact with _____ usually after ____ weeks gestation.

A

respiratory distress
32

93
Q

Studies suggest that _____ is the safest and most accurate of the three procedures- transcervial CVS, transabdominal CVS, and amniocentesis.

A

amniocentesis

94
Q

During amniocentesis of twins, a(n) ______ injection into the first sac/twin A after sampling ensures the second sac was entered for twin B

A

indigo carmine dye

95
Q

Coelocentesis is a technique that involved the ultrasound guided insertion of a needle into the ______ cavity through the vagina.

A

extra amniotic

96
Q

When sampling fetal blood, the anterior placenta requires _____ cordocentesis, whereas the posterior placenta allows sampling of the cord approximately ____ from the placental umbilical cord insertiong.

A

transplacental
1 cm

97
Q

Tubal catheterization is a diagnostic and ______ technique in diagnosing tubal patency via injecting and observing fluid passage into the pelvis.

A

therapeutic

98
Q

Antibiotic prophalaxis is recommended in patients with a postive history of _____, prior to hysterosonography or hysterosonosalpingography.

A

PID

99
Q

The goal of radiotherapy is to deliver the _____ possible radiation dose to the malignant tissue and ______ the damage to the adjacent normal tissue.

A

highest
minimize

100
Q

Advantages of CVS are ______ and _____.

A

earlier diagnosis
shorter waiting period

101
Q

Multifetal reduction procedures have increased owing to _______-inducing drug use.

A

ovulation

102
Q

Indigo carmine dye is ____ in color.

A

blue

103
Q

Fetal therapy often requires access to fetal _____.

A

circulation

104
Q

Fetal blood sampling occurs at the _______ cord insertion site.

A

venous

105
Q

Removal of a small amount of fluid surrounding the fetus via the maternal abdomen, for testing, ,is called _____.

A

amniocentesis

106
Q

Transabdominal multifetal reduction is preferred between ____ weeks gestation, and endovaginal reduction is successful between ____ weeks gestation.

A

10-12
8-10

107
Q

Misdiagnosis of tubal occlusion owing to tubal spasm is a disadvantage of the ____ procedure.

A

HSG

108
Q
A

OB 1 (16 decks)

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