Chapter 36: Interventional Ultrasound Flashcards
1
Q
woman 35 years of age or older
A
advanced maternal age
2
Q
sampling of amniotic fluid
A
amniocentesis
3
Q
procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells
A
biopsy
4
Q
sampling of the chorionic villus of the placenta
A
chorionic villus sampling
5
Q
early sampling of the exocoelomic cavity fluid via placenta-free areas
A
coelocentesis
6
Q
aspiration of peritoneal fluid from posterior cul-de-sac
A
culdocentesis
7
Q
noninvasive ultrasound exam performed with a transducer inserted into the vagina
A
endovaginal ultrasound
8
Q
more than one fetus
A
multifetal
9
Q
procedure in which oocytes are aspirated from the ovaries
A
oocyte retrieval
10
Q
sampling of fetal blood via the umbilical cord
A
percuteaneous umbilical cord sampling
11
Q
round dish used to culture fetal tissue or cells
A
petri dish
12
Q
through the cervic
A
transcervical
13
Q
advantages of CVS
A
accurate
early genetic diagnosis
14
Q
disadvantages of CVS
A
limb defects
fetal loss
false-positive result
15
Q
Two most common clinical techniques for obtaining living fetal cell products from pregnant uterus for prenatal diagnosis
A
amniocentesis
chorionic villus sampling
16
Q
also known as cordocentesis
A
percuteaneous umbilical blood sampling
17
Q
inserting of a long, fine gauged needle under ultrasound guidance through the skin, subcutaneous tissues, peritoneum, uterus, and amniotic sac of mother’s abdomen and tapping one of the fetal umbilical vessels directly for microliter amounts of fetal blood to analyze
A
percuteaneous umbilical blood sampling
18
Q
communication process by which occurrence and risk of recurrence of a genetic disorder within a family are discussed
A
genetic counseling
19
Q
puncture of the amniotic sac
A
amniocentesis
20
Q
method for relieving intrauterine pressure resulting from abnormal accumulation of amniotic fluid
A
amniocentesis
21
Q
alpha-fetoprotein is found normally in fetal circulation system and produced by the fetal ____
A
liver
22
Q
Optimal time to perform genetic amniocentesis is between __ and __ weeks
A
14
20
23
Q
average waiting period for amniocentesis results
A
7-10 days
24
Q
__ to __ mL amniotic fluid withdrawn during amniocentesis
A
20
30
25
What is the dye called used during amniocentesis for twins?
indigo carmine dye
26
allows use of an increasing number of tests for biochemical and molecular disorders and fetal chromosomal abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling
27
Tissue sampled during chorionic villus sampling
trophoblast
28
CVS is typically done between __ and __ weks
9
12
29
thickest part of trophoblast
chorion frondosum
30
where umbilical cord attaches
chorion frondosum
31
target area for CVS
chorion frondosum
32
_____ is the safest and most accurate procedure between CVS and amniocentesis
amniocentesis
33
performed within first 10 weeks of pregnancy
coelocentesis
34
_____ fluid surrounds the amniotic sac
coelemic
35
involves the ultrasound-guided insertion of a needle into extra-amniotic cavity through vagina as early as 6 weeks gestation
coelocentesis
36
Fetal blood sampling from anterior placenta
transplacental cordocentesis
37
allows sampling of cord approximately 1 cm from placental umbilical cord insertion
posterior placenta
38
first choice for fetal blood sampling
venous umbilical cord
39
second choice for fetal blood sampling
intrahepatic umbilical vein
40
diagnosis of a specific enzyme deficit
fetal liver biopsy
41
diagnosis of genodermatoses
fetal skin biopsy
42
prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular atrophy
muscle biopsy
43
reduction of number of embryos to improve survival for remaining ones
multifetal pregnancy reduction
44
Multifetal pregnancy reduction normally delayed until after __ weeks
8
45
Multifetal pregnancy reduction transabdominal approach is performed between __ and __ weeks
10
12
46
Multifetal pregnancy reduction endovaginal approach is performed between __ and __ weeks
8
10
47
most common ultrasound directed endovaginal puncturing procedures
endovaginal oocyte retrieval
ovarian cyst aspiration
biopsy of pelvic masses
drainage of pelvic abscesses
culdocentesis
local treatment of ectopic pregnancy
48
Ovarian cyst aspiration should be done during _____ phase
early follicular
49
tissue obtained by suction through a needle attached to a syringe
needle aspiration biopsy
50
large hollow needle extracts a core of tissue
needle core biopsy
51
What drug is used to treat ectopic pregnancy
methotrexate
52
prominent, randomly dispersed inside solid part of adnexal mass
separated from ovarian tissue
low- impedance blood flow
resistance index less than 0.45
peritrophoblastic flow
53
diagnostic and therapeutic technique in diagnosing tubal patency via injecting and observing fluid into pelvis
tubal catheterization
54
35% of all causes of infertility
tubal sterility
55
gold standard for ectopic
laparascopy
56
Two major groups of contrast media
hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic media
57
autosomal recessive disorder
deficiency of galactose - 1- phosphate uridylytransferase
galactosemia
58
enables precise evaluation of uterine anatomy and detection of submucosal fibroids and congenital anomalies before insertion of IUCD
positioning of IUCD
59
deliver highest dose possible radiant dose to malignant tissue and minimize damage to adjacent normal tissue
radiotherapy
60
A gestationally adjusted MSAFP value greater than ____ times the normal limit raises suspicion for birth defects or multiple fetuses
2.5
61
The optimal timing for amniocentesis is between __ and __ gestational weeks.
14
20
62
_______ is usually performed between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation.
chorionic villus sampling
63
_____ removes fluid from the embryonic coelemic fluid surrouding the amniotic sac
coelocentesis
64
______, performed vaginally, can provide a sample as early as 6 weeks.
coelocentesis
65
Fetal blood sampling occurs at the _____
venous cord insertion site
66
_______ is because of Ph-treatment and development of PSV MCA guidelines.
fetal transfusion decrease
67
An increase in the need for multifetal pregnancy reduction is because of _____-inducing drug use.
ovulation
68
A common clinical technique for retrieving living fetal cells/ cell products from the pregnant uterus is:
amniocentesis
69
An ultrasound procedure that obtains fetal blood via a needle inserted into the maternal abdomen is:
PUBS
70
Amniocentesis testing is recommended at:
14 to 20 weeks
71
Fetal blood sampling occurs at the:
venous cord insertion site
72
Vaginal coelocentesis can provide a sample of extra-amniotic fluid as early as:
6 weeks
73
Women whose maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening results reveal a value below the mean levels for a given gestational age have been associated with an increased risk for:
trisomy
74
Indications for using an endovaginal transducer are all except:
a. ovarian cyst aspiration
b. embryo transfer
c. hemoglobinopathies
d. IUCD position
c
75
The main purpose of multifetal pregnancy reduction is to:
reduce the number of embryos to improve survival for the remaining ones
76
Hysterosalpinography should always be performed during the ____ of the menstrual cycle.
early follicular phase
77
Select the most common endovaginal ultrasound puncture procedure
a. PUBS
b. embryo transfer
c. radiotherapy planning and monitoring
d. oocyte retrieval
d
78
Culdocentesis is performed to:
acquire fluid posterior to the lower uterus
79
Ultrasound is used to guide local treatment of the drug ____ ectopic pregnancy resolution.
methotrexate
80
Which imaging modality is most useful in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy?
color Doppler ultrasound
81
The gold standard procedure for establishing tubal condition is:
laparascopy
82
3D endovaginal sonography is useful in the detection of all except:
a. IUCD position
b. IUCD shaft and branch orientation
c. detection of IUCD
d. IUCD hormone level
d
83
Choose a disadvantage of CVS.
a. accuracy
b. early genetic diagnosis
c. false-positive result
d. ability to obtain living fetal cells or products of them
c
84
The legal limit for elective termination of pregnancy in the United States is determined by:
state laws
85
Counseling that provides communication regarding the occurrence and risk of occurrence of a familial disorder is:
genetic counseling
86
Maternal age-related chromsome abnormality risk increases after the age of ___.
35
87
Hysterosonography and hysterosonosalpingography may be frequently preferable to laparoscopy because:
the ultrasound procedures are more affordable
88
Cordocentesis is also knowns as ____.
PUBS
89
An MSAFP value over ____ times the mean for a particular gestational age is suspect for ____, _____, and many other fetal abnormalities.
2.5
multiple pregnancies
fetal demise
90
The optimal timing for a CVS is between the _____ weeks after the last menstrual period.
9
12
91
______ is a serum protein found normally in the fetal circulatory system and produced by the fetal _____.
AFP
liver
92
Performing amniocentesis in determine the lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio) is used to determine the risk of delivering an infact with _____ usually after ____ weeks gestation.
respiratory distress
32
93
Studies suggest that _____ is the safest and most accurate of the three procedures- transcervial CVS, transabdominal CVS, and amniocentesis.
amniocentesis
94
During amniocentesis of twins, a(n) ______ injection into the first sac/twin A after sampling ensures the second sac was entered for twin B
indigo carmine dye
95
Coelocentesis is a technique that involved the ultrasound guided insertion of a needle into the ______ cavity through the vagina.
extra amniotic
96
When sampling fetal blood, the anterior placenta requires _____ cordocentesis, whereas the posterior placenta allows sampling of the cord approximately ____ from the placental umbilical cord insertiong.
transplacental
1 cm
97
Tubal catheterization is a diagnostic and ______ technique in diagnosing tubal patency via injecting and observing fluid passage into the pelvis.
therapeutic
98
Antibiotic prophalaxis is recommended in patients with a postive history of _____, prior to hysterosonography or hysterosonosalpingography.
PID
99
The goal of radiotherapy is to deliver the _____ possible radiation dose to the malignant tissue and ______ the damage to the adjacent normal tissue.
highest
minimize
100
Advantages of CVS are ______ and _____.
earlier diagnosis
shorter waiting period
101
Multifetal reduction procedures have increased owing to _______-inducing drug use.
ovulation
102
Indigo carmine dye is ____ in color.
blue
103
Fetal therapy often requires access to fetal _____.
circulation
104
Fetal blood sampling occurs at the _______ cord insertion site.
venous
105
Removal of a small amount of fluid surrounding the fetus via the maternal abdomen, for testing, ,is called _____.
amniocentesis
106
Transabdominal multifetal reduction is preferred between ____ weeks gestation, and endovaginal reduction is successful between ____ weeks gestation.
10-12
8-10
107
Misdiagnosis of tubal occlusion owing to tubal spasm is a disadvantage of the ____ procedure.
HSG
108
