Nutritional Disorders Flashcards
Which comes first, second, and third, respectively, in the utilization of the body for energy source? Arrange accordingly
A)Protein
B)Carb
C)Fat
B C A
What 3 things are acquired from a diet?
Energy
Building blocks
Coenzymes
Differentiate primary from secondary malnutrition
Primary - one or more components are missing from diet
Secondary - adequate supply of nutrients but there is malabsorption, impaired utilization or storage, excess loss or increased need for nutrients
What is protein-energy malnutrition?
Deficiency of calories and proteins as a result of inadequate intake/malabsorption of these substances
Differentiate somatic protein fr visceral protein
Somatic - @ skeletal muscles, mechanical function
Visceral - @ liver, physiologic function
Which protein compartment is heavily depleted in marasmus?
A.somatic
B.visceral
C.both
A
Which cannot be seen in marasmus? A. Little subCT fat B. Normal serum albumin level C. Low level of cortisol D. CMI deficiency
C
Complete the statement:
In marasmus, total caloric reduction __ protein deprivation
A. >
B. <
C. =
D. No calorie reduction occurs
A
Complete the statement:
In kwashiorkor, total caloric reduction __ protein deprivation
A. >
B. <
C. =
D. No calorie reduction occurs
B
Which protein compartment is heavily depleted in kwashiorkor?
A.somatic
B.visceral
C.both
B
How can edema be formed because of Kwashiorkor?
Visceral compartment loss –> no albumin produced –> no water attractant –> low oncotic pressure –> no balance in intravascular space –>edema
Which cannot be seen in kwashiorkor? A. Depletion of subCT fat B. Hypoalbuminemia C. Fatty liver D. Vitamin deficiencies
A
There can be no overlap between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. True or false?
False
Macrovesicular steatosis is more common in _
A.somatic
B.visceral
C.both
B
What is cerebral atrophy?
Reduced number of neurons and impaired myelinization of white matter
What is cachexia?
Protein energy malnutrition characterized by ext weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy IN the setting of a CHRONIC CONDITION like AIDS, Cancer, TB
The ff may be seen in both anorexia nervosa & bulimia except: A.amenorrhea B.hypokalemia C.esophageal and gastric rupture D.none of those mentioned
C
C can only be seen in bulimia.
The ff may be seen in anorexia except A. Hypothyroidism B. Aspration C. Low estrogen level D. Dehydration
B
Carotenoids and Beta-carotene are ___ sources of Vit A
A. Plant
B. Animal
C. Both
A
Vitamin A is used to treat what tumor?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
What is xeropthalmia?
Dry eyes
What are bitot spots?
Keratinization debris in the conjunctiva
What is keratomalacia?
Total corneal destruction
Retinoic acid stimulate \_\_\_ production and activity, leading to bone resorption and fracture. A. Osteoblast B. Osteocyte C. Osteoclast D. All
C
Vit A has teratogenic effects. What does teratogenic mean?
May disturb embryo development & cause birth defects
Described as “deposition of osteoid that is not mineralize because of lack of calcium”
What is this called in children?
Rickets
Described as “deposition of osteoid that is not mineralize because of lack of calcium”
What is this called in adults?
Osteomalacia
Vitamin C is impt in collagen formation because it activates these two enzymes for hydroxylation of procollagen
Prolyl hydroxylase
Lysyl hydroxylase
True or false. Excess Vit C is kept in the lymph nodes
False. Excess is excreted in urine
Which is not seen in scurvy? A.night blindness B.weak gums C.bruise easily D.inadequate osteoid synthesis
A
Functions of VitB
Cofactor for ATP-creating metabolic pathways
Which is not a deficiency of Vit B2? A. Cheilitis B. Photosensitivity C. Glossitis D. Beriberi
D
Beriberi is deficiency of Vit B1
Identify Vit B3 deficiency - ___
Pellagra
Which is not a possible direct consequence of pellagra? A. Dementia B. Dermatitis C. Diarrhea D. Dandruff
D
When one has goiter, s/he is lacking in \_\_\_ A.iodine B.zinc C.folate D.iron
A
When one has acrodermatitis enteropathica, s/he is lacking in \_\_\_ A.iodine B.zinc C.folate D.iron
B
When one has macrocytic anemia, s/he is lacking in \_\_\_ A.iodine B.zinc C.folate D.iron
C
When one has microcytic hypochromic anemia, s/he is lacking in \_\_\_ A.iodine B.zinc C.folate D.iron
D
Identify
A disease of caloric imbalance that results from an excess intake of calories above the expenditure
Obesity
True or false: only total body weight is important in obesity
False
Fat dist also matters
__obesity is when fat accumulates in the trunk and abdominal cavity
Central/visceral
False about leptin A. Synthesized by fat cells B. Decreases satiety C. Stimulates heat production D. Increases energy expenditure
B
Adiponectin levels are said to be lower in obese people. What does adiponectin do?
Direct fatty acids to muscle for their oxidation
Amylin is said to reduce food intake and weight gain. What is amylin, exactly?
Peptide secreted with insulin fr pancreatic beta cells
PYY is said to reduce energy intake. From where is it secreted?
Endocrine cells in ileum and colon
Ghrelin is a gut hormone that ___ food intake
A. Increases
B. Decreases
A
Gall stones disease is also known as __
Cholelithiasis
Cholelithiasis is caused by an increase in body ___
Cholesterol
Constellation of respiratory abnormalities in very obese persons
Hypoventilation syndrome or pickwickian syndrome
Apneic pauses in sleep
Polycythemia
Eventual right-sided heart failure
These are associated with what obesity complication?
Hypersomnolence
Identify
Snoring because there is obstruction in airway
Obstructive sleep apnea
Obesity has effect on __ that regulate cell growth and differentiation in the breast, uterus and other tissues
Steroid hormones
Aflatoxin is an exogenous carcinogen that may lead to __
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Two carcinogens made by body fr digested proteins
Nitrosamine
Nitrosamide
How can high fat and low fiber diet lead to colon cancer?
High fat intake increases bile acid levels.
Modified intetinal flora –>microaerophilic.
They produce bile acid metabolites which may function as carcinogen
Fibers decrease exposure of mucosa to offenders + may bind carcinogens
Which increases serum cholesterol?
A. Saturated fat
B. Unsaturated fat
C. Both
A
Which decreases serum cholesterol?
A. Saturated fat
B. Unsaturated fat
C. Both
B
