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PH 122 > Nutritional Disorders > Flashcards

Nutritional Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Which comes first, second, and third, respectively, in the utilization of the body for energy source? Arrange accordingly

A)Protein
B)Carb
C)Fat

A

B C A

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1
Q

What 3 things are acquired from a diet?

A

Energy
Building blocks
Coenzymes

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2
Q

Differentiate primary from secondary malnutrition

A

Primary - one or more components are missing from diet
Secondary - adequate supply of nutrients but there is malabsorption, impaired utilization or storage, excess loss or increased need for nutrients

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3
Q

What is protein-energy malnutrition?

A

Deficiency of calories and proteins as a result of inadequate intake/malabsorption of these substances

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4
Q

Differentiate somatic protein fr visceral protein

A

Somatic - @ skeletal muscles, mechanical function

Visceral - @ liver, physiologic function

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5
Q

Which protein compartment is heavily depleted in marasmus?
A.somatic
B.visceral
C.both

A

A

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6
Q 
Which cannot be seen in marasmus?
A. Little subCT fat
B. Normal serum albumin level
C. Low level of cortisol
D. CMI deficiency
A

C

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7
Q

Complete the statement:
In marasmus, total caloric reduction __ protein deprivation

A. >
B. <
C. =
D. No calorie reduction occurs

A

A

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8
Q

Complete the statement:
In kwashiorkor, total caloric reduction __ protein deprivation

A. >
B. <
C. =
D. No calorie reduction occurs

A

B

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9
Q

Which protein compartment is heavily depleted in kwashiorkor?
A.somatic
B.visceral
C.both

A

B

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10
Q

How can edema be formed because of Kwashiorkor?

A

Visceral compartment loss –> no albumin produced –> no water attractant –> low oncotic pressure –> no balance in intravascular space –>edema

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11
Q 
Which cannot be seen in kwashiorkor?
A. Depletion of subCT fat
B. Hypoalbuminemia
C. Fatty liver
D. Vitamin deficiencies
A

A

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12
Q

There can be no overlap between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. True or false?

A

False

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13
Q

Macrovesicular steatosis is more common in _
A.somatic
B.visceral
C.both

A

B

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14
Q

What is cerebral atrophy?

A

Reduced number of neurons and impaired myelinization of white matter

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15
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Protein energy malnutrition characterized by ext weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy IN the setting of a CHRONIC CONDITION like AIDS, Cancer, TB

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16
Q 
The ff may be seen in both anorexia nervosa & bulimia except:
A.amenorrhea
B.hypokalemia
C.esophageal and gastric rupture
D.none of those mentioned
A

C

C can only be seen in bulimia.

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17
Q 
The ff may be seen in anorexia except
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Aspration
C. Low estrogen level
D. Dehydration
A

B

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18
Q

Carotenoids and Beta-carotene are ___ sources of Vit A
A. Plant
B. Animal
C. Both

A

A

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19
Q

Vitamin A is used to treat what tumor?

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

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20
Q

What is xeropthalmia?

A

Dry eyes

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21
Q

What are bitot spots?

A

Keratinization debris in the conjunctiva

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22
Q

What is keratomalacia?

A

Total corneal destruction

23
Q 
Retinoic acid stimulate \_\_\_ production and activity, leading to bone resorption and fracture.
A. Osteoblast
B. Osteocyte
C. Osteoclast
D. All
A

C

24
Q

Vit A has teratogenic effects. What does teratogenic mean?

A

May disturb embryo development & cause birth defects

25
Q

Described as “deposition of osteoid that is not mineralize because of lack of calcium”

What is this called in children?

A

Rickets

26
Q

Described as “deposition of osteoid that is not mineralize because of lack of calcium”

What is this called in adults?

A

Osteomalacia

27
Q

Vitamin C is impt in collagen formation because it activates these two enzymes for hydroxylation of procollagen

A

Prolyl hydroxylase

Lysyl hydroxylase

28
Q

True or false. Excess Vit C is kept in the lymph nodes

A

False. Excess is excreted in urine

29
Q 
Which is not seen in scurvy?
A.night blindness
B.weak gums
C.bruise easily
D.inadequate osteoid synthesis
A

A

30
Q

Functions of VitB

A

Cofactor for ATP-creating metabolic pathways

31
Q 
Which is not a deficiency of Vit B2?
A. Cheilitis
B. Photosensitivity
C. Glossitis
D. Beriberi
A

D

Beriberi is deficiency of Vit B1

32
Q

Identify Vit B3 deficiency - ___

A

Pellagra

33
Q 
Which is not a possible direct consequence of pellagra?
A. Dementia
B. Dermatitis
C. Diarrhea
D. Dandruff
A

D

34
Q 
When one has goiter, s/he is lacking in
\_\_\_
A.iodine
B.zinc
C.folate
D.iron
A

A

35
Q 
When one has acrodermatitis enteropathica, s/he is lacking in
\_\_\_
A.iodine
B.zinc
C.folate
D.iron
A

B

36
Q 
When one has macrocytic anemia, s/he is lacking in
\_\_\_
A.iodine
B.zinc
C.folate
D.iron
A

C

37
Q 
When one has microcytic hypochromic anemia, s/he is lacking in
\_\_\_
A.iodine
B.zinc
C.folate
D.iron
A

D

38
Q

Identify

A disease of caloric imbalance that results from an excess intake of calories above the expenditure

A

Obesity

39
Q

True or false: only total body weight is important in obesity

A

False

Fat dist also matters

40
Q

__obesity is when fat accumulates in the trunk and abdominal cavity

A

Central/visceral

41
Q 
False about leptin
A. Synthesized by fat cells
B. Decreases satiety 
C. Stimulates heat production
D. Increases energy expenditure
A

B

42
Q

Adiponectin levels are said to be lower in obese people. What does adiponectin do?

A

Direct fatty acids to muscle for their oxidation

43
Q

Amylin is said to reduce food intake and weight gain. What is amylin, exactly?

A

Peptide secreted with insulin fr pancreatic beta cells

44
Q

PYY is said to reduce energy intake. From where is it secreted?

A

Endocrine cells in ileum and colon

45
Q

Ghrelin is a gut hormone that ___ food intake
A. Increases
B. Decreases

A

A

46
Q

Gall stones disease is also known as __

A

Cholelithiasis

47
Q

Cholelithiasis is caused by an increase in body ___

A

Cholesterol

48
Q

Constellation of respiratory abnormalities in very obese persons

A

Hypoventilation syndrome or pickwickian syndrome

49
Q

Apneic pauses in sleep
Polycythemia
Eventual right-sided heart failure

These are associated with what obesity complication?

A

Hypersomnolence

50
Q

Identify

Snoring because there is obstruction in airway

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

51
Q

Obesity has effect on __ that regulate cell growth and differentiation in the breast, uterus and other tissues

A

Steroid hormones

52
Q

Aflatoxin is an exogenous carcinogen that may lead to __

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

53
Q

Two carcinogens made by body fr digested proteins

A

Nitrosamine

Nitrosamide

54
Q

How can high fat and low fiber diet lead to colon cancer?

A

High fat intake increases bile acid levels.
Modified intetinal flora –>microaerophilic.
They produce bile acid metabolites which may function as carcinogen

Fibers decrease exposure of mucosa to offenders + may bind carcinogens

55
Q

Which increases serum cholesterol?
A. Saturated fat
B. Unsaturated fat
C. Both

A

A

56
Q

Which decreases serum cholesterol?
A. Saturated fat
B. Unsaturated fat
C. Both

A

B

PH 122 (17 decks)

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