Basic Immunology Flashcards
Toll-like receptors are present in all except A.plasma membrane B.endosomal vesicles C.nucleus D.none of those mentioned
C
Differentiate pathogen-assoc molecular patterns from damage-assoc molecular patterns
Pathogen-assoc - capable of recognizing certain microbial components that are shared among related microbe
Damage-assoc- recognized by leukocytes in injured and necrotic cells
Toll-like receptors activate the ff except A.NF-kB B.macrophages C.interferon regulatory factors D.none of those mentioned
B
NOD-like receptors recognize all except A.nutrient deficiencies B.necrotic cell products C.ion disturbances D.microbial products
A
An inflammasome is signaled by \_\_ A.Toll-like receptor B.NOD-like receptor C.both D.none of those mentioned
B
What does an inflammasome directly activate? A.caspase-1 B.IL-1 C.both of the two D.none of those mentioned
A
What does caspase-1 do, once activated by inflammasome?
Cleave precursor form of IL-1 to generate biologically active form
What do C-type lectin receptors recognize? A.fungal glycans B.viral nucleic acids C.short bacterial peptides D.microbial sugars
A
What do RIG-like receptors recognize? A.fungal glycans B.viral nucleic acids C.short bacterial peptides D.microbial sugars
B
What do G protein-coupled receptors recognize? A.fungal glycans B.viral nucleic acids C.short bacterial peptides D.microbial sugars
C
With N-formylmethionyl residues
What do Mannose receptors recognize? A.fungal glycans B.viral nucleic acids C.short bacterial peptides D.microbial sugars
D
type __ interferons are produced in response to viruses that act on infected/uninfected cells
I
Defensins are provided by \_\_ A. Epithelial cells B. Muscle cells C. Lymph nodes D. All of the above
A
What do dendritic cells do?
Capture protein antigens and display peptides for recog by T lymphocytes
In innate immunity, complement system is activated by what pathway/s? A.classical B.alternative C.lectin D. B and C E. A and B F. A, B and C
D
True or false. Innate immunity has memory cells
False
What is clonal selection?
Lymphocytes specific for a large number of antigens exist before exposure to antigen, and when the antigen enters, it selectively activates the antigen-specific cells
Antigenic receptor diversity is generated by ___
Somatic recombination
Which is TRUE about T cell receptor?
A. Has alpha and beta polypeptide chains
B. Able to recognize peptide antigens displayed by MHC
C. Both are true
C
B lymphocytes are not the only cells in the body capable of producing antibodies. T or F?
F
Differentiate effector cell in CMI from that in humoral immunity
CMI - T cell activates macrophages to kill ingested microbes
Humoral - cell effectively phagocytoses and destroys microbes that are coated
Antibody used to coat microbes in humoral immunity
IgG
Complement protein used to coat microbes in humoral immunity
C3b
Immature dendritic cells within the epidermis
Langerhans cells
At any time, more than half of the body’s lymphocytes are in the mucosal tissues and many of these are memory cells. T or F?
T
__ lymphocytes traverse the peripheral lymphoid organs where antigens are concentrated
Naive
__ lymphocytes migrate to sites of infection and inflammation to eliminate microbes
Effector
Mature, naïve T cells migrate fr thymus to lymph nodes via ___
High endothelial venules
Affinity of naïve T cells to HEV caused by __
Interaction of L-selectin and integrin to their ligands
L-selectin and integrin are \_\_ molecules A. Transport B. Adhesion C. Inflammatory D. All of the above
B
Naïve T cells become activated when exposed to antigens in \_\_ A. Spleen B. Lymph nodes C. Blood vessels D. All of the above
B
Transport of Activated T cells to infection site is mediated by \_\_ A. E-selectin B. P-selectin C. Integrin D. chemokine E. All of the above
E
Molecule that displays peptide fragments of proteins for recognition by antigen-specific cells
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Genes encoding HLA molecules are clusteredd on ___
Small segment of chromosome 6
There are many alleles of MHC genes in humans, but all humans express the same MHC genes. True or false
False
Diff human, diff HLA
CD8+ cells are class __ MHC restricted
I
CD4+ cells are class __ MHC restricted
II
Class __ MHC is in all nucleated cells and platelets
I
Class __ MHC are on antigen-presenting cells & cells that respond to T-helper cells
II
Factor that Increases leukocyte numbers during immune and inflammatory responses
Colony stimulating factor
IFN gamma is a cytokine produced in both innate and adaptive immunity responses. True or false?
True
Microbe elicits immune response only once recognized by T cells/B cells. True or false?
False. It elicits response thru recognition by pattern recognition
Differentiate cell-interdigitating fr follicular dendritic cells
Follicular - APC to B cells. Humoral immunity
Cell-Interdigitating - APC to T cells. CMI
Destroys irreversibly stressed and abnormal cells
Identify!
NK cells
NK cells have IgG receptors at cell surface. This exhibits __
Antibody-dep cell-mediated cytotoxicity
A reactive lymph node has __ follicles
A.many
B.few
C.it does not matter
A
In lymph nodes, B cells are concentrated in ___
Follicles
If the B cells in a follicle have recently responded to an antigen, this follicle may contain a central region called ___
Germinal center
In lymph nodes, T cells are concentrated in ___
Paracortex
In the spleen, where are the T cells concentrated?
Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
All antibody responses are T cell dependent. T or F?
F. There are antigens that cannot be recognized by T cells but have multiple identical antigenic determinants(epitopes), and they can initiate B cell response
