FINALS DECK Flashcards
True or false. Small interfering RNA and microRNA have the same mechanism
True
A. Patau Syndrome B. Marfan Syndrome C. von Recklinghausen's disease D. phenylketonuria E. Fragile X Syndrome
identify type of genetic disorder
A. chromosomal aberration B. autosomal dominant C. autosomal dominant D. autosomal recessive E. Autosomal recessive
Differentiate conservative missense mutation from its non-conservative counterpart
Non-conservative : marked change in protein fx
Differentiate autosomal dominant from autosomal recessive genetic disorder
dominant: only one gene needed to manif
Recessive: two genes needed
mutated gene @ achondroplasia; specify type of genetic disorder
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3;
autosomal dominant
What are neurofibromas?
specify type of genetic disorder
Benign tumors of peripheral nerves of Schwann cell origin
Autosomal dominant
In sickle cell anemia, there is substitution of __ for __
specify type of genetic disorder
Valine for glutamic acid residue
autosomal recessive
Differentiate hemophilia A from hemophilia B
specify type of genetic disorder
A - defect @ gene encoding for factor VIII (or factor II)
B - defect @ gene encoding for factor IX
sex-linked disorder
False about X-linked disorders
A. Females may only be homozygous
B. Lack of transmission from father to son
C. Most X-linked traits are recessive
A
Females may also be heterozygous
Give the genome of
A. Klinefelter
B. Turner
A. XXY
B. X
Cri du chat syndrome has what kind of mutation?and in what part of what chromosome?
specific type of genetic disorder
Deletion of the end of the p arm @ chromosome 5
chromosomal aberration
Native immunity present before any infection A.innate B.adaptive C.humoral D.cell-mediated
A
Part of humoral immunity A. CD4 T cell B. CD8 T cell C. B cell D. NK cell
C
Where do T cells develop? A.thyroid gland B.parathyroid gland C.thymus D.parathymus
C
Each T cell recognizes specific cellbound Ag c/o __
Clas II MHC molecules at surface of T cells
TCR genes are present at all cell lines but they are only expressed at lymphocytes. Why is this?
T cells acquire specific mutations in TCR genes @ maturation process
Mature lymphocytes that have not encountered any Ag are the __ ones
Naïve
Identify
Monocytes that came out of the circulation to enter tissue
Macrophage
Location of nucleus at plasma cell A.center B.periphery C.both D.plasma cell is anucleated
B
Gene encoding for MHC is located in \_\_ A.Chromosome 16 B.Chromosome 12 C.Chromosome 6 D.Chromosome 2
C.Chromosome 6
Cell that is part of both innate and adaptive immunity A.T cell B.B cell C.Macrophage D.none of the above
C
MHC I is located in A.all nucleated cells B.platelets C.RBCs D.A and B E.B and C
D
Main deficiency in Graves disease
TSH receptor
In what autoimmune disease are antinuclear antibodies produced?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Xerophthalmia is a key sign of
A.Sjogren syndrome
B.Rheumatoid arthritis
C.Goodpasteur syndrome
A
Impaired basement membrane of kidney is a key sign of
A.Sjogren syndrome
B.Rheumatoid arthritis
C.Goodpasteur syndrome
C
Immune complex deposition at joints and blood vessels is a key sign of
A.Sjogren syndrome
B.Rheumatoid arthritis
C.Goodpasteur syndrome
B
Weak GI tract & impaired mucosal defense is a complication of A.Chediak Higashi B.Digeorge Syndrome C.Isolated IgA Deficiency D.Chronic Granulomatous Disease
C
Thymic aplasia is a complication of A.Chediak Higashi B.Digeorge Syndrome C.Isolated IgA Deficiency D.Chronic Granulomatous Disease
B
Impaired lysosomal trafficking is main effect of A.Chediak Higahi B.Digeorge Syndrome C.Isolated IgA Deficiency D.Chronic Granulomatous Disease
A
Impaired NADPH Oxidase activity is effect of A.Chediak Higahi B.Digeorge Syndrome C.Isolated IgA Deficiency D.Chronic Granulomatous Disease
D
Intact in Bruton Agammaglobulinemia A. Humoral immunity B. CMI C. Both D. None of the above
B
Most common complement defect
C2
Main defect of X-linked SCID
Gamma chain of interleukin receptor
Enumerate main patho manif of Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Abnormal gait
Vascular malformation
Mutation of adenosine deaminase is present in A. X-linked SCID B. Autosomal recessive SCID C. DiGeorge syndrome D. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
b
Immunodeficiency where there is class switching problem of Ig, leading to low IgA,G and E
Hyper IgM syndrome
What is point mutation?
Substitution of single N-base @ gene
What is aneuploid?
Chromosomal abnormality where number of chromosomes is not multiple of haploid
A child fed with am is most likely to get what nutritional disorder? A.marasmus B.kwashiorkor C.cachexia D.anorexia
A
Choose the best answer
Vitamin C is crucial to the formation of \_\_. A.keratin B.collagen C.hyaluronan D.chondroitin
B
Identify likely deficient vitamin for each condition
A.beri beri
B.gum bleeding
A.Vit B
B.Vit C
Identify likely deficient vitamin for each condition
A.night blindness
B.osteomalacia
A.Vit C
B.Vit D
Which is not an oncogenic virus? A.HTLV B.EBV C.HPV D.HSV
D
Herpes Simplex
Which is not malignant? A.leiomyosarcoma B.lymphoma C.hemangioma D.melanoma
C
Most common route of metastasis for carcinomas
Lymphatic
Most important prognosis factor for malignancy
Stage
Which is a blastoma?
A. Struma ovarii
B. Dermoid cyst
C. Wilms tumor
C
Wilms tumor is nephroblastoma
Most likely etiologic agent of septic shock coupled with purulent material A.Staph aureus B.Vibrio cholerae C.Mycobacterium leprae D.Clostridium difficile
A
Catalase and coagulase positive, yellow colonies at BAP,bunch of grapes at Gram stain A.Staph aureus B.Vibrio cholerae C.Mycobacterium leprae D.Clostridium difficile
A
Why do Gram positive organisms give violet color
Peptidoglycan cell membrane retains crystal violet
Organism that causes Ritter syndrome A.Chlamydia trachomatis B.Staph aureus C.Mycobacterium leprae D.Clostridium difficile
B
Organism that causes Reiter syndrome A.Chlamydia trachomatis B.Staph aureus C.Mycobacterium leprae D.Clostridium difficile
A
Organism/s that cause/s Toxic shock syndrome A.Chlamydia trachomatis B.Staph aureus C.Strep pyogenes D.Clostridium difficile
B and C
Virulence factor in Strep pyogenes that causes cross-antigenicity, leading to rheumatic heart disease
M Protein
May cause neonatal meningitis. Present at lower female GUT A.Chlamydia trachomatis B.Staph aureus C.Strep agalactiae D.Clostridium difficile
C
May cause dental caries A.Shigella sonnei B.Treponema pallium C.Escherichia coli D.Strep mutans
D
May cause endocarditis A.Shigella sonnei B.Strep viridans C.Escherichia coli D.Staph aureus
B
Pseudomembranous colitis A.Chlamydia trachomatis B.Staph aureus C.Strep agalactiae D.Clostridium difficile
D
Gas gangrene A.Clostridium perfringens B.Staph aureus C.Strep agalactiae D.Clostridium difficile
A
Blocks GABA, may cause lock jaw A.Chlamydia trachomatis B.Clostridium tetani C.Strep agalactiae D.Staph aureus
B
May cause flaccid paralysis & may be obtained from canned goods A.Campylobacter jejuni B.Staph aureus C.Strep agalactiae D.Clostridium botulinum
D
May cause volcanic eruption @ crypts A.Clostridium perfringens B.Staph aureus C.Strep agalactiae D.Clostridium difficile
D
Most frightening mode of transmission for B.anthracis
Inhalational
Tap water, non invasive, rice watery stool A. Salmonella typhi B. Vibrio cholera C. Campylobacter jejuni D. Shigella sonnei
B
Toxin of cholera affects this molecule
CFTR
Enterocolitis of __ may mimic cholera
C.jejuni
Which enteropathogenic bacteria has extreme resistance to gastric acidity? A.Salmonella B.Shigella C.E.coli D.V.cholera
B
Main mechanism of Shiga toxin
Inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis –> death
Causative agents of typhoid fever
Salmonella paratyphi
Salmonella typhi
False about Salmonella A.Rose spots B.Dysentery C.Mimic appendicitis D.Gall bladder colonization
B
Shiga like toxin A.EIEC B.ETEC C.EHEC D.EAEC
C
