Cell Injury And Adaptation Flashcards
Pick the false statement A. Hypertrophy may be pathologic only B. Hypertrophy may be accompanied by hyperplasia C. Both of the above D. None of the above
A. Hypertrophy may be pathologic only. May also be physiologic dep on increased functional demand.
Enumerate the 4 aspects of disease
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular and morphological changes
Clinical manifestations
Where does pathologic hypertrophy occur? A. Uterus B. Skeletal muscle C. Heart D. All of the above
C.heart
True or false. Hyperplasia occurs even if cells are not capable of dividing
False
Decrease in cell size or number
Atrophy
All atrophy is pathologic, true or false?
False. May physiologic din, example: fetal dev’t
Reversible change in cell type
Metaplasia
True or false. Metaplasia seen in respi tracts of smokers
True
Diff bet hypoxia and ischemia
Hypoxia:decrease in oxygen supply pero may blood flow
ischemia: lower oxygen and nutrient supply, and no blood flow
When there is ATP depletion, which may not happen?
A. Mitochondrial damage causes this
B. Cobalt poisoning is a probable cause
C. May lead to denaturation of protein
D. Cell will double its aerobic respiration rate to make up for lost ATP
D. Cell will double its aerobic respiration rate to make up for lost ATP
Cell will shift to anaerobic respiration.
Which may not cause mitochondrial damage? A. Decrease in cytosolic calcium ion B. Oxygen deprivation C. Increase of reactive oxygen species D. All of the above
A. Decrease in cytosolic calcium ion
Increase dapat
High conductance channel in mitochondrial membrane, often formed due to the organelle’s damage
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Pick false statement
A. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)
B. Formation of reactive oxygen species may be inhibited by changes in MMP
C. Both are false
B. Formation of reactive oxygen species may be inhibited by changes in MMP
Stimulated dapat
Proteins like cytochrome c may activate apoptotic pathways via the release of these enzymes
Caspases
Which is not a consequence of increased calcium conc in the cell?
A)closing of mitochondrial perm.trans. Pore
B)enzyme activation–>nucleus, PM and cytoskeleton destruction
C)activated caspases
D)none of the above
A)closing of mitochondrial perm.trans. Pore
The ff are ways to generate free radicals except A) absorbing radiant energy B) inflammation C) transition metals D) nitrite
D) kasi nitric oxide dapat. Nitrite yung end prod
How do antioxidants remove free radicals?
Block formation/inactivation
The ff are binding proteins except A)transferrin B)ceruloferritin C)ferritin D)lactoferrin
B) kasi ceruloplasmin dapat
How do binding proteins remove free radicals?
Levels of reactive metals are reduced by binding of the ions to storage and transport protein
Directs degradation of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen & present in peroxisomes
Catalase
Converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxidase
Superoxide dismutase
What does glutathione peroxidase do?
Catalyze free radical breakdown
What does the IC ratio of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione reflect?
Cell’s oxidative state and ability to catabolize free radicals
Why are polyunsat lipids susceptible to free radical attack?
Double bonds
