Cell Injury And Adaptation

Question 0

Pick the false statement
A. Hypertrophy may be pathologic only
B. Hypertrophy may be accompanied by hyperplasia
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above

Answer 0

A. Hypertrophy may be pathologic only. May also be physiologic dep on increased functional demand.

Question 1

Enumerate the 4 aspects of disease

Answer 1

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular and morphological changes
Clinical manifestations

Question 2

Where does pathologic hypertrophy occur?
A. Uterus
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Heart
D. All of the above

Answer 2

C.heart

Question 3

True or false. Hyperplasia occurs even if cells are not capable of dividing

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Decrease in cell size or number

Answer 4

Atrophy

Question 5

All atrophy is pathologic, true or false?

Answer 5

False. May physiologic din, example: fetal dev’t

Question 6

Reversible change in cell type

Answer 6

Metaplasia

Question 7

True or false. Metaplasia seen in respi tracts of smokers

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Diff bet hypoxia and ischemia

Answer 8

Hypoxia:decrease in oxygen supply pero may blood flow

ischemia: lower oxygen and nutrient supply, and no blood flow

Question 9

When there is ATP depletion, which may not happen?
A. Mitochondrial damage causes this
B. Cobalt poisoning is a probable cause
C. May lead to denaturation of protein
D. Cell will double its aerobic respiration rate to make up for lost ATP

Answer 9

D. Cell will double its aerobic respiration rate to make up for lost ATP

Cell will shift to anaerobic respiration.

Question 10

Which may not cause mitochondrial damage?
A. Decrease in cytosolic calcium ion
B. Oxygen deprivation
C. Increase of reactive oxygen species
D. All of the above

Answer 10

A. Decrease in cytosolic calcium ion

Increase dapat

Question 11

High conductance channel in mitochondrial membrane, often formed due to the organelle’s damage

Answer 11

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore

Question 12

Pick false statement
A. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)
B. Formation of reactive oxygen species may be inhibited by changes in MMP
C. Both are false

Answer 12

B. Formation of reactive oxygen species may be inhibited by changes in MMP

Stimulated dapat

Question 13

Proteins like cytochrome c may activate apoptotic pathways via the release of these enzymes

Answer 13

Caspases

Question 14

Which is not a consequence of increased calcium conc in the cell?
A)closing of mitochondrial perm.trans. Pore
B)enzyme activation–>nucleus, PM and cytoskeleton destruction
C)activated caspases
D)none of the above

Answer 14

A)closing of mitochondrial perm.trans. Pore

Question 15

The ff are ways to generate free radicals except
A) absorbing radiant energy
B) inflammation
C) transition metals
D) nitrite

Answer 15

D) kasi nitric oxide dapat. Nitrite yung end prod

Question 16

How do antioxidants remove free radicals?

Answer 16

Block formation/inactivation

Question 17

The ff are binding proteins except
A)transferrin
B)ceruloferritin
C)ferritin
D)lactoferrin

Answer 17

B) kasi ceruloplasmin dapat

Question 18

How do binding proteins remove free radicals?

Answer 18

Levels of reactive metals are reduced by binding of the ions to storage and transport protein

Question 19

Directs degradation of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen & present in peroxisomes

Answer 19

Catalase

Question 20

Converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxidase

Answer 20

Superoxide dismutase

Question 21

What does glutathione peroxidase do?

Answer 21

Catalyze free radical breakdown

Question 22

What does the IC ratio of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione reflect?

Answer 22

Cell’s oxidative state and ability to catabolize free radicals

Question 23

Why are polyunsat lipids susceptible to free radical attack?

Answer 23

Double bonds