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Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

fungal infection of the nail is also called:

A

ONYCHOMYCOSES

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2
Q

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS causative agents

A

Coccidiodides immitis and C. posadassi

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3
Q

false about PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
A. Primary route of infection is cutaneous
B. Primary infection is usually unapparent and
asymptomatic
C. Subsequent dissemination can cause striking
lymph node involvement

A

A

respiratory dapat

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4
Q

PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS causative agent

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (

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5
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is aka _

A

Mariner’s Wheel)

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6
Q 
false about molds
A)Multicellular filaments
B)Form mycelia
C)Produce round cells called hyphae
D)Spread airborne
A

C

conidia dapat

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7
Q

process of asexual reproduction for molds

A

sporulation

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8
Q

false about hyphae of moles
A. Long strands of tubular structures
B. Grows and divides at the tips
C. All are aseptate

A

C

pwede rin septate

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9
Q

Single or chains of vegetative cells forming smooth, creamy bacterial-like colony without aerial hyphae

A

yeast

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10
Q

buds that fail to detach and become elongated, producing a chain of elongated yeast cells

A

pseudohyphae

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11
Q

which fungal species reproduces via pseudohyphae

A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

A. Body temp: yeast
B. Room temp: mold
C. Soil: yeast
D. Water: mold

Which letter/s is/are false about dimorphic fungi?

A

C and D

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13
Q

cell wall component of fungi

A

chitin

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14
Q

cell membrane component of fungi

A

ergosterol

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15
Q

identify the type of hyphae: Has nonpigmented or brightly pigmented hyphae

A

hyaline hyphae

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16
Q
  • Darkly pigmented hyphae due to melanin

identify!

A

dematiaceous hyphae

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17
Q

dematiaceous hyphae: seen more clearly via __

A

Fontana-Masson stain

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18
Q

Cross walls that divide them into unicellullar units
- Pores to allow cytoplasm & nuclei to pass

identify

A

septate

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19
Q

another term for aseptate hyphae

A

coenocytic

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20
Q

fungi are chemotrophs. what substances are in-charge of absorption of nutrients + digestion
surrounding materials?

A

exoenzymes

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21
Q

enumerate reproduction patterns of filamentous fungi

A

o Asexually by fragmentation of hyphae

o Asexually and sexually by spores

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22
Q

enumerate reproduction patterns of yeasts

A

o Asexually by budding or fission

o Sexually by spores

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23
Q

What are mycorrhizae?

A

structures that have association with roots of vascular plants;assist in absorption of water and minerals

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24
Q

“an-an” is __ mycoses

a. superficial
b. cutaneous
c. systemic
d. opportunistic

A

A

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25
Q

causative agent of “an-an”

A

Malasezzia furfur

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26
Q

official name of “an-an”

A

pityriasis versicolor

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27
Q

Effect of pityriasis versicolor is due to enzymes that do which actions?

A

whiten area, absorb UV light

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28
Q 
How can Malasezzia furfur best be seen?
A. NaOH preparation 
B. yellow fluorescence on Wood’s
lamp
C. both
A

B

Sa A, KOH dapat

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29
Q

Frequently occurs in the inguinal areas of obese men during warm weather due to heat, friction and maceration

identify

A

jock itch

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30
Q

jock itch is also known as?

A

hadhad

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31
Q

causative agent of hadhad

A

Tinea cruris

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32
Q

causative agent of alipunga or athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

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33
Q

ringworm of the scalp is also known as __

A

Tinea capitis

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34
Q

Uncommon dermatophyte infection of the beard area that affects adult men. identify causative agent

A

Tinea barbae

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35
Q 
Which is not a causative agent of ONYCHOMYCOSES?
A.Trichophyton sp.
B.Microsporum sp.
C.Epidermophyton sp.
D.Trichosporon sp.
A

D

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36
Q

What is chromoblastomycosis?

A

Chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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37
Q

another name for Rose-gardener’s disease

A

LYMPHOCUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS

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38
Q

causative agent of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix schenkii

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39
Q

False about pathogenesis of Sporothrix schenkii
A. from point of entry –> thoracic duct –> lungs
B. nodular and ulcerative lesions along lymph
channels draining inoculation site
C. both are false

A

A

heart dapat

40
Q

o Infections of subcutaneous tissue at site of inoculation
o Usually infects farmers
o Can be caused by bacteria (actinomycotic) or
fungi (eumycotic)

identify!

41
Q

Infective form is __ for systemic mycoses

42
Q

false about blastomycosis
A. Can be seen in 10% KOH or calcofuor white
preparations of material from tissues
B. Gastrointestinal, disseminated via bloodstream
C. Both

A

b

pulmonary dapat

43
Q

causative agent of blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

44
Q

false about histoplasmosis
A. Serologic procedures are available
B. Latent or self-limited pulmonary involvement
C. Chronic progressive secondary lung disease
D. Only affects pulmonary system

A

D

Localized lesions in extrapulmonary sites

45
Q

causative agent of histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

46
Q

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS and PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS are what type of mycoses?

A

systemic mycoses

47
Q

Causative agent of candidiasis is __

A

C.albicans

48
Q

C.albicans usually live as benign commensals and seldom produce disease in healthy people. T/F?

49
Q

A.Involves coordinated regulation of phase-specific genes
B.Provides a way for Candida to adapt to changes in the host environment

Identify the phenomenon!

A

Phenotypic switching

50
Q

False about morphology of C.albicans
A.In tissues: yeast-like forms
B.True hyphae > pseudohyphae in number
C.Both

A

B.

Baliktad :)

51
Q

Enumerate virulence factors of Candida albicans

A

Adhesins
Biofilm
Enzymes

52
Q 
Integrin-like protein of Candida binds to all except
A.fibrinogen
B.fibronectin
C.fibrin
D.laminin
53
Q 
Agglutinin of Candida binds to all except
A.endothelial cells
B.fibronectin
C.laminin
D.none of the 3
54
Q

Where does Candida transglutaminase substrate-like protein bind?

A

Epithelial cell

55
Q

Candida enzyme that degrades ECM protein

A

Aspartyl proteinases

56
Q

Candida enzyme that resists oxidative killing by phagocytic cells

57
Q

Candida enzyme that blocks neutrophil oxygen radical prod

58
Q

Microbial communities consists of mixtures of yeast,filamentous forms,fungal-derived ECM

Identify

59
Q

Candida filamentous forms…
A. Elicit TH2 response
B. Cannot escape phagocytosis
C. Both

60
Q

Yeast form of Candida elicits __ response

61
Q

Candida causes this superficial infection on mucosal surfaces of oral cavity

A

Oral thrush

62
Q 
Candida grows best in:
A.warm, dry envt
B.dry, cold envt
C.cold, moist envt
D.warm, moist envt
63
Q

__ - moist, intertriginous skin such as armpits or webs of the fingers and toes; infections in the skinfolds

A

Intertrigo

64
Q

Causative agent of intertrigo

A

C.albicans

65
Q

Top 3 sites of Inflammation c/o Candida: enumerate

A

Esophagus
Vagina
Endocardiumo

66
Q

Invasive candidiasis is still local mycosis. True or false?

A

False, may blood borne dissem na

67
Q

Candida infections of the mouth and vagina produce __,which are easily detached to reveal a reddened, irritated mucosa

A

superficial curdy white patches,

68
Q

Manif of invasive candidiasis in neutropenic persons

A

Microabscesses surr by tissue necrosis

69
Q

Two causative agents of Cryptococcus disease

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococccus gattil

70
Q

False about Cryptococcus neoformans
A.Can cause meningoencephalitis B.Major risk factor: high dose corticosteroids
C.Present in the soil and in bird droppings
D.infection via ingestion

A

D

Inhalation!

71
Q

True abt Cryptococcus gattil
A.Less likely than C. neoformans to cause disease in immunologically normal individuals
B.Associated with certain species of trees
C.Acquired by sexual contact

A

B

A:more dapat
C:inhalation dapat

72
Q

Which is false?
A.Cryptococcus: dimorphic fungus
B.Thick gelatinous capsule containing a polysaccharide
C. Resists carbon particles

A

A

Yeast form lang

73
Q

PAS and mucicarmine in tissues: used to detect what? Identify also color manif.

A

Cryptococcus; intense red

74
Q

What is used to achieve negative image? Does it have high sensitivity?

A

India ink; No

75
Q

Enumerate virulence factors of Cryptococcus

A

Polysaccharide capsule
Melanin-like pigment production
Enzymes

76
Q

Enumerate polysacch capsule virulence factors of Cryptococcus

A

Glucoronoxylomannin

Phenotypic switching

77
Q

[CRYPTOCOCCUS]

Glucoronoxylomannin action???

A
  • inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages, leukocyte migration and inflammatory cell recruitment
78
Q

In Cryptococcus,Melanin-like pigment prod is catalyzed by __

79
Q

[Enzymes of Cryptococcus]

Serum proteinase – action?

A

cleave fibronectin and BM proteins + aid tissue invasion •

80
Q

[Enzymes of Cryptococcus]

Mannitol dehydrogenase – action

A

inhibit neutrophil oxygen radical killing

81
Q

In healthy individuals, C. neoformans can form a __

A

solitary pulmonary granuloma

82
Q

In immunocompromised/suppressed, it produces __

A

small cysts within the gray matter of the brain

83
Q

Most common pathogenic species of aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

84
Q

Aspergillosis morphology- which is false
A.fruiting bodies
B.septate filaments
C.branching at right angles

A

C

Acute dapat

85
Q

False about aspergillosis pathogenesis

A.Transmitted by waterborne conidia B. Lung is major portal of entry because of its small size that enables it to reach the alveoli
C.From Conidia, it turns to hyphae: invade the tissues

A

A

Airborne dapat

86
Q

Enumerate virulence factors of Cryptococcus

A 
Adhesins
Antioxidants
Enzymes
Toxins
Sensitization to Spores
87
Q

What is aflatoxin?

A

@ Peanut surface

Carcinogen

88
Q

Cells involved in immune resp vs aspergillosis

A

Neutrophils

Macrophages

89
Q

False about colonizing aspergillosis
A.Growth of fungus in the pulmonary cavities
B.Maximized invasion of the tissues C.Nose is often colonized
D.Formation of brownish “fungus balls” within cavities

90
Q

False about Invasive Aspergillosis
A.Primary lesion in lung leads to necrotizing pneumonia
B.Heart and brain ➡️local infection
C.Associated with neutropenia

A

B

Blood dissem dapat

91
Q

Target lesions of necrotizing pneumonia, in invasive aspergillosis

A

sharply delineated, rounded, gray foci and hemorrhagic borders

92
Q

Causative agent of zygomycosis

A

Bread mold fungi

93
Q

Not disposing factor of zygomycosis
A.Neutropenia and corticosteroid B.Diabetes mellitus
C.Iron underload
D.Breakdown of cutaneous barrier

A

C

Overload dapat

94
Q

Spores transmitted by bread mold fungi are
A.airborne
B.asexual
C.sensitive to heat

A

C

Thermotolerant dapat

95
Q 
Which is not host IR vs aspergillosis?
A.phagocytosis
B.oxidative killing
C.neutrophil action
D.T cell action
96
Q

A.Non-septate, irregularly wide hyphae B.Acute angle branching
C.Nasal sinuses, lungs, GI tract

False about bread mold fungi

A

B

Right dapat

97
Q

A.Uncommon in DM patients
B.Local tissue necrosis
C.Meningitis
D.Hemorrhagic pneumonia

False about rhinocerebral zygomycosis

PH 122 (17 decks)

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