nutritional and toxic disorders

Question 1

reward center involved in addiction

Answer 1

ventral tegmental area dn nucleus accumbens.

Question 2

Opioid receptors involved in spinal anasthesia

Answer 2

kappa

Question 3

opioid receptor involved in supraspinal analgesia

Answer 3

mu1

Question 4

opioid receptor involved in euphoria and respiratory depression

Answer 4

mu2

Question 5

mechanism of action of amphetamines

Answer 5

induces direct release of dopamine and norepi, and inhibits their reuptake.

Question 6

mechanism of action of cocaine

Answer 6

inhibits presynaptic reuptake of dopamine, seratonin and norepinephrine .

Question 7

pathologic findings in Wernike’s encephalopathy

Answer 7

patechial hemorrhage in mammillary bodies, hypothalamus, medial thalami, and periaqueductal grey matter

Question 8

mechanism of action of EtOH

Answer 8

stimulates GABAa receptor

Question 9

time frame of minor withdrawal symptoms after last drink

Answer 9

6-36 hours

Question 10

time frame of seizures after last drink

Answer 10

6-48 hours

Question 11

time frame of delirium tremens after last drink

Answer 11

48-96 hours

Question 12

mechanism of action of caffeine

Answer 12

competitively antagonises Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, increases excitatory neurotransmitter release.

Question 13

hypertension, tachycardia, nystagmus, decreased pain sensation, bizarre behavior.

Answer 13

Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication

Question 14

mechanism of action of Phencyclidine (PCP)

Answer 14

non-competitive antagonism at NMDA receptors

Question 15

mechanism of action of most halluncinogens

Answer 15

work at seritonin receptors

Question 16

pupillary findings in hallucinogen use

Answer 16

midriasis

Question 17

prolonged use destroys seritonergic neurons

Answer 17

Ecstasy

Question 18

genetic disease associated with low Vit E levels

Answer 18

abetaliporoteinemia

Question 19

biochemical reaction that vit B12 is important for

Answer 19

conversion of homocysteine to methionine

Question 20

distal sensorimotor axonopathy, scaly rash, garlicky breath

Answer 20

arsenic poisening

Question 21

GI symptoms, neuropathy with autonomic features, alopecia

Answer 21

Thallium poisoning

Question 22

headache, anxiety, encephalopathy, almond taste

Answer 22

cyanide poisoning

Question 23

behavior change, tremor ataxia, inflamed gums, excessive salivation

Answer 23

mercury poisoning

Question 24

what type of poisoning?

Answer 24

carbon monoxide poisoning- necrosis of globus pallidus and subcortical white matter

Question 25

what type of poisoning?

Answer 25

methanol poisoning-optic nerve and putamen necrosis

Question 26

encephalopathic child with wrist and foot drop

Answer 26

lead poisoning

Question 27

High T1 signal in globus pallidus in patient on TPN (or with chronic liver failure)

Answer 27

Manganese toxicity

Question 28

symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

Answer 28

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defication, Gastric Emesis (SLUDGE)

Question 29

what drug reduces EtOH cravings?

Answer 29

naltrexone