infections Flashcards

1
Q

what organism causes Lyme disease? how is the diagnosis made?

A

borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete) Antibodies in the serum and CSF.

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2
Q

how is neuro lyme disease treated?

A

2-4 weeks of IV ceftriaxone or penicillin G.

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3
Q

what organsisms cause mucormycosis?

A

mucor, rhizopus, rhizomucor (fungi)

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4
Q

what are risk factors for developing mucor?

A

immunocompromised states and iron chelation therapy with desferoximine.

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5
Q

In what disease does the pathology show white matter pallor, activated macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and vacuolar changes in the brain?

A

HIV associated Dementia

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6
Q

immunocompromised patients, exposure to bird droppings and positive india ink stain.

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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7
Q

what is the most sensitive test for cryptococcus?

A

CSF antigen testing

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8
Q

what is the treatment of cyrptococcus?

A

amphotericin plus flucytosine for 2-3 weeks, then switch to fluconozone.

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9
Q

most common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV, multiple ring enhancing lesions

A

Toxoplasmosis

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10
Q

what is the treatment for Toxoplasmosis?

A

sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine plus folinic acid. Or can use Clindamycin

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11
Q

what medication is used for toxoplasmosis prophylaxis?

A

trimethoprine-sulfamethoxazole

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12
Q

multiple non-enhancing white matter lesions, myelin loss, giant astrocytes, oligodendrocytes with viral inclusions, “spagetti and meatball” appearance on electron microscopy.

A

PML

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13
Q

length dependent symmetric polyneuropathy in HIV

A

HIV neuropathy

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14
Q

ascending neuropathy occurring around the time of HIV seroconversion.

A

AIDP

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15
Q

multifocal neuropathy occurring late in HIV

A

mononeuritis multiplex

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16
Q

myositis occurring any time in HIV, MHC I expression on muscle cells.

A

auto immune myositis

17
Q

muscle wasting in late stage HIV

A

AIDS cachexia

18
Q

causes of meningitis in neurosurgical patients

A

pseudomonas, s. aureus, S. epidermidis, p. acnes.

19
Q

empiric meningitis tx in older or immunocompromised patients .

A

Vanc, ceftriaxone, ampicillin (for listeria)

20
Q

thickened nerves, multiple neuorpathies and weakly positive acid fast bacili

A

m. leprae (aka leprosy)

21
Q

granulomatous inflammation, multinucleated giant cells, caseating necrosis

A

Tuberculous meningitis

22
Q

in what stages of syphilis does syphilitic meningitis occur?

A

secondary syphilis

23
Q

endarteritis obliterans and vasculitis

A

meningovascular syphilis

24
Q

areflexia, lightening pains, sensory ataxia, loss of pain and temp sensation.

A

tabes dorsalis, tertiary syphilis.

25
Q

abdominal symptoms, neurolgoci symptoms, adrenal insufficiency, cutaneous hypopigmentation.

A

Whippel’s diasease (t. whippelii)

26
Q

schiff positive macrophage inclusions

A

whipples disease

27
Q

what is the treatment for Whipple’s disease?

A

TMP-SMX

28
Q

main difference between primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompromised and immunocompetent people.

A

EBV is usually causative in immuno compromised ppl.

29
Q

EEG pattern in CJD

A

repetitive periodic pattern