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neuro oncology Flashcards

1
Q

which antibodies are associated with opsiclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome in adults with breast cancer?

A

Anti-Ri

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2
Q

which auto-antibodies are are associated with opsiclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome in adults with small cell lung cancer?

A

anti-Hu

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3
Q

what are the 3 subtypes of diffuse astrocytoma?

A

fibrillary, gemistocytic and protoplasmic

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4
Q

what grade are diffuse astrocytomas?

A

WHO II

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5
Q

Do diffuse astrocytomas enhance with gad?

A

no

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6
Q

which brain tumor has necrosis with pseudopalisading nuclei?

A

GBM

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7
Q

which brain tumor has a fried egg appearance and have vessels that resemble chicken wire?

A

oligodendroglioma

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8
Q

which brain tumors have rosenthal fibers?

A

pilocytic astrocytoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

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9
Q

what is a common location for pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma?

A

temporal lobe

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10
Q

what brain tumor has perivascular pseudo-rosettes?

A

ependymoma

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11
Q

what brain tumor has Homer-Wright rosettes?

A

medulloblastoma

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12
Q

which paraneoplastic antibody is positive in 50% of people with praneoplastic cerebellar degeneration? Which 2 cancers are most associated?

A

anti-Yo. Ovarian and breast carcinoma

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13
Q

which paraneoplastic antibody is present in paraneoplastic optic neuropathy, and what cancer is it associated with?

A

anti-CRMP-5, lung cancer

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14
Q

which paraneoplastic antibody is present in paraneoplastic retinal degeneration, and what cancer is it associated with?

A

anti-CAR, lung cancer, thymoma, RCC

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15
Q

which paraneoplastic antibody is present in paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuropathy and neuronopathy, and what cancer is it associated with?

A

anti-Hu, small cell lung cancer

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16
Q

which paraneoplastic antibody is present in Lambert-Eaton myasthenia, and what cancer is it associated with?

A

anti-voltage gated P/Q Ca channels. Small cell lung cancer.

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17
Q

which paraneoplastic antibodies are present in paraneoplastic bilateral choreoathetosis, and what cancer is it associated with?

A

Anti-Hu and anti-CRMP-5. lung cancer.

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18
Q

what mutation is seen in half of anaplastic astrocytomas?

A

p53

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19
Q

what WHO grade is anaplastic astrocytoma?

A

III

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20
Q

what is the most common astrocytoma in children?

A

pilocytic

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21
Q

what who grade are pilocitic astrocytomas?

A

I

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22
Q

what WHO grade are pliomorphic xanthoastrocytomas?

A

II

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23
Q

what WHO grade are SEGAs?

A

I

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24
Q

what mutation is common in oligodendrogliomas and predicts better prognosis?

A

1p19q

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25
Q

what is the most common location for oligodendrogliomas?

A

frontal lobe

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26
Q

are oligodendrogliomas positive for GFAP?

A

no

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27
Q

which brain tumors have eosinophilic granular bodies?

A

pleomorphic xanthoacstrocytomas, gangliogliomas and pilocytic astrocytomas

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28
Q

which brain tumor has a biphasic pattern of complact regions along with microcystic components?

A

polocytic astrocytoma

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29
Q

which neurocutaneous syndrome is associated with ependymomas?

A

NF2

30
Q

where are most ependymomas in children?

A

infratentorial

31
Q

are spinal cord ependymomas more common in adults or children?

A

adults

32
Q

what WHO grade are most ependymomas?

A

II

33
Q

what age has a worse prognosis for ependymomas?

A

patients younger than age 3

34
Q

what type of ependymoma occurs exclusively at the filum termniale? What WHO grade is it?

A

myxopapillary. WHO grade I.

35
Q

What genetic deletions are ependymomas associated with?

A

22q

36
Q

which brain tumors can have cyst with mural nodule on imaging?

A

pilocytic astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ganglioglioma hemangioblastoma

37
Q

where is the most common location for ganglioglioma?

A

temporal lobe

38
Q

which surface markers are present in the neuronal component of gangliogliomas?

A

synaptophysin, chromogranin, neurofilament

39
Q

what do neurocytomas stain positive for?

A

synaptophysin

40
Q

what is the most common location for neruocytomas?

A

intraventricular

41
Q

what WHO grade are neurocytomas?

A

II

42
Q

what tumor arises from arachnoid cap cells?

A

meningioma

43
Q

what genetic loss is common in meningiomas?

A

loss of Chr 22

44
Q

which neurocutaneous syndrome are meningiomas associated with?

A

NF2

45
Q

what is the most common primary neoplasm of the cerebellum in adults?

A

hemangioblastoma

46
Q

what WHO grade is hemangioblastoma?

A

I

47
Q

what percent of hemangioblastomas are associated with von Hippel Lindau syndrome?

A

25%

48
Q

what pineal tumor is more common in young adults, and is composed of uniform cells with low mitotic index?

A

pineocytoma

49
Q

what pineal tumor is more common in children, and is composed of round blue cells with necrosis and hemorrhage?

A

pineoblastoma

50
Q

what genetic deletion is associated with pineoblastomas?

A

11q

51
Q

what is the most common location of epidermoid cysts?

A

CP angle

52
Q

what is the characteristic MRI finding of epidermoid cysts?

A

restricted diffusion

53
Q

defects in what chromosome are associated with medulloblastoma?

A

17

54
Q

what gene amplification is associated with a poorer prognosis in medulloblastoma?

A

N-myc

55
Q

what age is associated with a poorer prognosis in medulloblastoma?

A

< 3 years

56
Q

which brain tumor consists of areas with ganglion cells floating in mucin mixed with glial components?

A

DNET

57
Q

What WHO grade are DNETs

A

I

58
Q

what is the age distribution of craniopharyngioma?

A

bimodal (childhood and later adulthood)

59
Q

what grade are choroid plexus papillomas?

A

WHO grade II

60
Q

what tumor commonly arises from the clivus and contains physaliphorous chells?

A

Chordoma

61
Q

what are the 3 most common tumors to metastasis to the brain in order from most common to least common?

A

lung cancer >breast > melanoma

62
Q

which 5 metastatic cancers are most likely to hemorrhage?

A
  1. melanoma 2. choriocarcinoma 3. non-small cell lung cancer 4. thyroid carcinoma 5. RCC
63
Q

which phase of schwanomas are called Anton A?

A

compact phase

64
Q

What is a Voracay body?

A

palisading configuration of elongated nuclei in schwanomas.

65
Q

what marker are schwanomas positive for?

A

S-100

66
Q

what neurocutaneous syndrome are vestibular schwanomas associated with?

A

NF2

67
Q

what type of tumor arises in the pituitary and consists of thin-walled lining of columnar cells with ciliated goblet cells?

A

Rathke cleft cyst

68
Q

what type of paraneoplastic antibody is associated with limbic encephalitis in young adults? What cancer is it associated with?

A

anti-Ma, testicular cancer

69
Q

what type of paraneoplastic antibody is associated with limbic encephalitis in older adults? What cancer is it associated with?

A

Anti-Hu, lung cancer

70
Q

what deletion indicates progression in anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas?

A

p16

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