neuro oncology Flashcards
which antibodies are associated with opsiclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome in adults with breast cancer?
Anti-Ri
which auto-antibodies are are associated with opsiclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome in adults with small cell lung cancer?
anti-Hu
what are the 3 subtypes of diffuse astrocytoma?
fibrillary, gemistocytic and protoplasmic
what grade are diffuse astrocytomas?
WHO II
Do diffuse astrocytomas enhance with gad?
no
which brain tumor has necrosis with pseudopalisading nuclei?
GBM
which brain tumor has a fried egg appearance and have vessels that resemble chicken wire?
oligodendroglioma
which brain tumors have rosenthal fibers?
pilocytic astrocytoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
what is a common location for pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma?
temporal lobe
what brain tumor has perivascular pseudo-rosettes?
ependymoma
what brain tumor has Homer-Wright rosettes?
medulloblastoma
which paraneoplastic antibody is positive in 50% of people with praneoplastic cerebellar degeneration? Which 2 cancers are most associated?
anti-Yo. Ovarian and breast carcinoma
which paraneoplastic antibody is present in paraneoplastic optic neuropathy, and what cancer is it associated with?
anti-CRMP-5, lung cancer
which paraneoplastic antibody is present in paraneoplastic retinal degeneration, and what cancer is it associated with?
anti-CAR, lung cancer, thymoma, RCC
which paraneoplastic antibody is present in paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuropathy and neuronopathy, and what cancer is it associated with?
anti-Hu, small cell lung cancer
which paraneoplastic antibody is present in Lambert-Eaton myasthenia, and what cancer is it associated with?
anti-voltage gated P/Q Ca channels. Small cell lung cancer.
which paraneoplastic antibodies are present in paraneoplastic bilateral choreoathetosis, and what cancer is it associated with?
Anti-Hu and anti-CRMP-5. lung cancer.
what mutation is seen in half of anaplastic astrocytomas?
p53
what WHO grade is anaplastic astrocytoma?
III
what is the most common astrocytoma in children?
pilocytic
what who grade are pilocitic astrocytomas?
I
what WHO grade are pliomorphic xanthoastrocytomas?
II
what WHO grade are SEGAs?
I
what mutation is common in oligodendrogliomas and predicts better prognosis?
1p19q
what is the most common location for oligodendrogliomas?
frontal lobe
are oligodendrogliomas positive for GFAP?
no
which brain tumors have eosinophilic granular bodies?
pleomorphic xanthoacstrocytomas, gangliogliomas and pilocytic astrocytomas
which brain tumor has a biphasic pattern of complact regions along with microcystic components?
polocytic astrocytoma
which neurocutaneous syndrome is associated with ependymomas?
NF2
where are most ependymomas in children?
infratentorial
are spinal cord ependymomas more common in adults or children?
adults
what WHO grade are most ependymomas?
II
what age has a worse prognosis for ependymomas?
patients younger than age 3
what type of ependymoma occurs exclusively at the filum termniale? What WHO grade is it?
myxopapillary. WHO grade I.
What genetic deletions are ependymomas associated with?
22q
which brain tumors can have cyst with mural nodule on imaging?
pilocytic astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ganglioglioma hemangioblastoma
where is the most common location for ganglioglioma?
temporal lobe
which surface markers are present in the neuronal component of gangliogliomas?
synaptophysin, chromogranin, neurofilament
what do neurocytomas stain positive for?
synaptophysin
what is the most common location for neruocytomas?
intraventricular
what WHO grade are neurocytomas?
II
what tumor arises from arachnoid cap cells?
meningioma
what genetic loss is common in meningiomas?
loss of Chr 22
which neurocutaneous syndrome are meningiomas associated with?
NF2
what is the most common primary neoplasm of the cerebellum in adults?
hemangioblastoma
what WHO grade is hemangioblastoma?
I
what percent of hemangioblastomas are associated with von Hippel Lindau syndrome?
25%
what pineal tumor is more common in young adults, and is composed of uniform cells with low mitotic index?
pineocytoma
what pineal tumor is more common in children, and is composed of round blue cells with necrosis and hemorrhage?
pineoblastoma
what genetic deletion is associated with pineoblastomas?
11q
what is the most common location of epidermoid cysts?
CP angle
what is the characteristic MRI finding of epidermoid cysts?
restricted diffusion
defects in what chromosome are associated with medulloblastoma?
17
what gene amplification is associated with a poorer prognosis in medulloblastoma?
N-myc
what age is associated with a poorer prognosis in medulloblastoma?
< 3 years
which brain tumor consists of areas with ganglion cells floating in mucin mixed with glial components?
DNET
What WHO grade are DNETs
I
what is the age distribution of craniopharyngioma?
bimodal (childhood and later adulthood)
what grade are choroid plexus papillomas?
WHO grade II
what tumor commonly arises from the clivus and contains physaliphorous chells?
Chordoma
what are the 3 most common tumors to metastasis to the brain in order from most common to least common?
lung cancer >breast > melanoma
which 5 metastatic cancers are most likely to hemorrhage?
- melanoma 2. choriocarcinoma 3. non-small cell lung cancer 4. thyroid carcinoma 5. RCC
which phase of schwanomas are called Anton A?
compact phase
What is a Voracay body?
palisading configuration of elongated nuclei in schwanomas.
what marker are schwanomas positive for?
S-100
what neurocutaneous syndrome are vestibular schwanomas associated with?
NF2
what type of tumor arises in the pituitary and consists of thin-walled lining of columnar cells with ciliated goblet cells?
Rathke cleft cyst
what type of paraneoplastic antibody is associated with limbic encephalitis in young adults? What cancer is it associated with?
anti-Ma, testicular cancer
what type of paraneoplastic antibody is associated with limbic encephalitis in older adults? What cancer is it associated with?
Anti-Hu, lung cancer
what deletion indicates progression in anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas?
p16
