NUTRITION - Nutritional factors affecting health and performance - Health risk factors associated w/ dietary choices

Question 1

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 1

along w/ high levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, are associated w/ increased risk of heart disease.
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL): more artery clogging (atherogenic).
High of sat. or trans fat, weight gain, and anorexia can lead to increased LDL cholesterol.
VLDL can increase w/ increasing intake of refined carbs.

Question 2

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 2

high levels are protective against heart disease, but are not target of therapy (practitioners are told not to focus on HDL).

Question 3

Risks associated w/ high cholesterol

Answer 3

Atherosclerosis: hardening of arteries due to plaque build up on artery walls, narrowing area for blood flow. Resulting in increased risk for heart disease and/or stroke.

Question 4

Iron and iron deficiency and symptoms

Answer 4

is a component of the protein myoglobin, which transports O2 to muscles.
Deficiency: occurs in stages (depletion, marginal deficiency, and anemia).
Anemia develops when low iron stores persist for a period of time and the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells to deliver O2 throughout the body.
Symptoms: weakness, fatigue, irritability, poor concentration, headache, decreased exercise capacity, hair loss, shortness of breath during routine activities, and dry mouth.
Increased risk for distance runner, female athletes, and vegetarian athletes.

Question 5

Calcium and calcium deficiency and symptoms

Answer 5

helps maintain bone density in adults.

Ca deficiencies can impair the attainment of peak bone mineral density and increase risk of fracture later in life.

Question 6

Risk of high triglycerides

Answer 6

a sign of increased risk for heart disease and stroke. Seems in those who are obese or have metabolic syndrome.

Question 7

Risk of high saturated fat

Answer 7

parallel rise in LDL