ES - Basic Principles of Biomech. Regarding... - Kinematic Principles of Movement Flashcards
Anatomical Planes of Movement
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Anatomical Position
body erect
arms down at sides
palms forward
Sagittal Plane
left to right
Frontal Plane
front to back
Transverse Plane
top and bottom
Wrist flexion
sagittal
Exercise: wrist curl
Sport: basketball free throw
Wrsit extension
sagittal
Exercise: wrist extension
Sport: raquetball backhand
Wrist Ulnar deviation
frontal
E: specific wrist curl
S: swinging a bat
Wrist Radial deviation
frontal
E: specific wrist curl
S: golf back swing
Elbow flexion
sagittal
E: bicep curl
S: bowling
Elbow extension
sagittal
E: tricep pushdown
S: shot put
Shoulder felxion
sagittal
E: front shoulder raise
S: boxing uppercut punch
Shoulder extension
sagittal
E: neutral grip seated row
S: freestyle swimming stroke
Shoulder adduction
frontal
E: wide grip lat pull down
S: swimming breast stroke
Shoulder abduction
frontal
E: wide grip shoulder press
S: springboard diving
Shoulder internal rot.
transverse
E: arm wrestling movement
S: baseball pitch
Shoulder external rot.
transverse
E: reverse arm wrestle movement
S: karate block
Shoulder transverse adduction
E: dumbbells chest fly
S: tennis forehand
Shoulder transverse abduction
E: bent over lateral raise
S: tennis backhand
Neck flexion
sagittal
E: neck machine
S: somersault
Neck extension
sagittal
E: dynamic back bridge
S: back flip
Neck left rot. and right rot.
transverse
E: manual resistance
S: wrestling movement
Neck left tilt and right tilt
frontal
E: neck machine
S: slalom skiing
Lower back flexion
sagittal
E: sit up
S: javelin follow through
Lower back extension
sagittal
E: stiff-leg deadlift
S: back flip
Lower back left tilt
frontal
E: medicine ball
S: gymnastics side aerial
Lower back right tilt
front
E: side bend
S: basketball hook shot
Lower back left rot. and right rot.
transverse
E: med ball side toss
S: swinging a bat
Hip flexion
sagittal
E: leg raise
S: punting
Hip extension
sagittal
E: back squat
S: long jump takeoff
Hip adduction and abduction
frontal
E: lateral walks
S: basketball defense slides
Hip internal rot. and external rot.
transverse
E: resisted internal/external rot.
S: basketball pivot movement
Hip transverse adduction
E: adduction machine
S: karate in-sweep
Hip transvrse abduction
E: seated abduction machine
S: wrestling escape
Knee flexion
sagittal
E: leg curl
s: diving tuck
Knee extension
sagittal
E: leg extension
S: volleyball block
Ankle dorsiflexion
sagittal
E: toe raise
S: running
Ankle plantarflexion
sagittal
E: calf raise
S: high jump
Ankle inversion
frontal
E: resisted inversion
S: soccer dribbling
Ankle eversion
frontal
E: resisted eversion
S: speed skating
Joint angle specificity?
If you only train one specific joint, only those muscle fibers will be stimulated to adapt and develop strength in that ROM.
For all muscle fibers being worked to improve all around strength, multiple joints should be trained to increase muscle fibers activated during the movement.
Layman’s terms: the muscle will only adapt to the respective joint angle(s) in which the muscle is being activated.
How does joint angle affect exercise selection?
depending on the angle in which the muscles are being worked, muscles may be stronger at one specific angle compared to another.
Being able to demonstrate increased strength at multiple joint angles allows for versatility.
ex. only practicing wide grip bench press, but struggling to increase normal grip bench press.
Characterize Concentric muscle action and sport relationship
Muscle shortens b/c contractile force is greater than resistive force.
Forces generated within muscle and acting to shorten it are greater than the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it.
Agonist muscle is shortened and elastic energy generated from eccentric phase is released.
SR: demonstrate improved ability during acceleration movements.
Characterize Eccentric muscle action and sport relationship
Muscle lengthens b/c contractile force is less than the resistive.
Forces generated within muscle and acting to shorten it are less than the external forces acting at its tendons to stretch it.
SR: demonstrate improved ability during deceleration movements.
Characterize Isometric muscle action and sport relationship
Muscle length does not change, b/c contractile force is equal to resistive force.
Forces generated within muscle and acting to shorten it are equal to external forces acting at tendons it.
SR: improved elasticity and strength maintenance.
How does the force-velocity curve impact exercise selection?
https://www.scienceforsport.com/force-velocity-curve/
depending on the training goal (e.g. strength or power), higher required force = lower velocity and vice versa.
If only one side of the curve is trained, the other while be reduced (e.g. only training max strength improves force production, but reduces muscle contractile velocity).
Increased force (strength) shifts right while speed (velocity) shifts left.
Increased speed shifts right while force shifts left.
