ES - Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Phys. - CardioPul. anatomy

Question 1

Structures of the Heart (10)

Answer 1

Atrium
Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve
Pulmonary Valve
--Conduction System--
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
Left and Right bundle branch

Question 2

Structures of the Vascular System (5)

Answer 2

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

Question 3

Atrium and Ventricle

Answer 3

A: right/left atrium deliver blood into right/left ventricles.
V: right/left ventricles supply main force for moving blood through pulmonary and peripheral circulations, respectively

Question 4

Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral valves; bicuspid)
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

Answer 4

AV Valve: prevent blood flow from ventricles back into Atari during ventricular contraction (systole).
Aortic Valve: prevent back flow from aorta arteries into ventricles during ventricular relaxation.
Pulmonary Valve: prevent back flow from pulmonary arteries into ‘’ (diastole).

Question 5

Electrical conduction system of the heart:
Sinoartrial (SA) node
AV node
AV bundle
L/R bundle branch

Answer 5

SA node: intrinsic pacemaker–where rhythmic electrical impulses are normally initiated.
AV node: where impulse is delayed slightly before passing into ventricles.
AV bundle: conducts impulse to ventricles
L/R branch: divide into Purkinje fibers (fibers penetrating ventricles) and conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles.

Question 6

Arteries and Arteries

Answer 6

Arteries: rapidly transport blood pumped from heart.
Arterioles: small branches of arteries that act as control vessels through which blood enters capillaries. Play major role in blood flow regulation, as they can close completely or dilate many times their size.

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

facilitate exchange of oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between blood and the interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.

Question 8

Venules and Veins

Answer 8

Venules: collect blood from capillaries and gradually converge into progressively larger veins.
Veins: transport blood back to the heart.

Question 9

Structures of the Lungs (6)

Answer 9

Trachea - provides air to and from lungs.
Pulmonary Artery - carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
L/R Bronchi - guides air into either L/R lung.
Pulmonary Vein - carries oxygenated blood to heart.
Bronchioles - any additional bronchi
Alveoli - gas exchange, CO2 leaves blood and O2 enters.