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Molecules and Cells (Unit 1) > Nutrition: Minerals > Flashcards

Nutrition: Minerals Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Important metaloenzyme for which zinc is a cofactor

A

Carboxypeptidase

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2
Q

Which copper containing molecule assists in the transport of iron from the intestine into circulation?

A

Hephaestin

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3
Q

Selenium is used to remove ____________ from the body

A

Reactive oxygen species

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4
Q

Heme containing molecules that participate in oxidative phosphorylation

A

Cytochromes

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5
Q

Food sources of selenium

A

Organ meats

Seafood

Meat

Cereals

Grains

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6
Q

Food sources of chromium

A

Brewer’s yeast

seeds

friuts

vegetables

grain

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7
Q

Food sources of Iron

A

Liver and other organ meats

Egg yolk

Dried fruits

Green leafy vegetables

Molasses

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8
Q

How is calcium related to weight loss?

A

Higher calcium intake is associated with increased fecal fat

A decrease in intracellular Ca stimulates lipolysis and inhibition of lipogenesis

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9
Q

Results of Zinc Deficiency

A

Growth Retardation

Lack of sexual maturation

Dematitis

Poor wound healing

Alopecia

Decreased taste acuity

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10
Q

Results of Calcium deficiency

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

Osteoporosis

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11
Q

Storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

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12
Q

________reduces iron from the ferric to the ferrous form, for absorption

A

Ascorbic acid

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13
Q

Functions of Chromium

A

Glucose tolerance (chromodulin)

Improved lipid profile

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14
Q

Osteoporosis risk in men. What components can contribute?

A

Skinner

Prolonged use of steroids

Androgen deprivation therapy

Low calcium diet

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15
Q

What factors can contribute to a decrease in the incidence of osteoporosis?

A

Increase bone mass from birth to 30-35 yrs

Minimize bone loss

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16
Q

Function of fluoride

A

Parts of bones and teeth

Protective against dental caries

Inhibits demineralization

Enhances remineralization

Inhibits bacterial enzyme activity

17
Q

Results of Fluoride deficiency

A

Dental caries (Cavity)

18
Q

Results of Deficiency in selenium

A

Cardiomyopathy

Muscle pain

White nailbeds

Macrocytosis

Keshan Disease: Endemic cardiomyopathy seen in China

Kashin-Beck Disease: Adolescent Osteoarthritis

19
Q

Is the one year mortality rate after hip fracture higher in men or women?

A

Men twice as high as in women

20
Q

What is fluorosis? What are the characteristics?

A

Excess fluoride.

Decreased mineralization of tooth enamel

Pitting

Rough surface

Fissures of enamel

Mottling of teeth

21
Q

Functions of selenium

A

Part of enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which removes peroxides in the cytosol

Iodothyronine deiodinase, which catalyzes the metabolism of T4 to T3

Found in body as selenomethione and selenocysteine

22
Q

Results of Iron Deficiency

A

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Fatigue, Pale, Anorexia

Glossitis, angular stomatitis

Spoon shaped nails (with long standing deficiency)

23
Q

Functions of Iron

A

Part of hemoglobin and myoglobin molecules

Part of prolyl hydroxylases (in collagen synthesis)

24
Q

Estimated risk incidence of Osteoporosis by Demographic

A

7% caucasian men

5% African American men

3% Hispanic American Men

25
Q

Food sources of Calcium

A

Milk and dairy products

Kale

Mustard greens

Broccoli

26
Q

Functions of Calcium

A

Part of bone matrix

Contraction and relaxation of muscles

Transmission of nerve impulses

Blood clotting

Cellular secretions

27
Q

Food sources of Zince

A

Meat

Poultry

Seafood

Eggs

Peanut butter

Whole grains

28
Q

Results of chromium deficiency

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

29
Q

Functions of Zinc

A

Part of many enzymes (especially metoloenzymes)

Part of the insulin molecule

30
Q

Transport form of iron

A

Transferrin

31
Q

What is chromodulin and what is its role?

A

An oligopeptide that binds to the activated insulin receptor. It enhances insulin receptor’s stimulation of tyrosine kinase activity. Insulin stimulates transferrin trransport of trivalent Chromium from blood to tissues.

Molecules and Cells (Unit 1) (48 decks)

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