Question 1

•Filtered HCO3- cannot cross the __________ of the PCT cell. Instead it combines with the secreted ________to produce CO2 and H2O.

Accepted Answer

Apical membrane; H+

Question 2

Examples of intracellular buffering agents

Accepted Answer

Proteins and Phosphate

Question 3

In ___________ respiratory alkalosis HCO₃⁻ falls by 2 mmol/L for each 10 mm Hg fall in pCO₂

Accepted Answer

Acute

Question 4

_______cells are able to generate NH₃ from _____________and other amino acids

Accepted Answer

Renal tubular; Glutamine

Question 5

Type 1 Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Failure to secrete H⁺ by the alpha intercalated cells of the cortical __________ of distal nephron Failure to secrete H⁺ in urine leads to inability to __________ urine and acidosis. Urine pH is \>_________ Renal ________ as a result of ________ urine, calciuria, and urinary citrate Often associated with medullary sponge __________ Usually associated with ___________ ______ demineralization

Accepted Answer

Collecting ducts; acidify; 5.5; stones; alkaline; kidney; hypoalkamia; bone

Question 6

Types of high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis Uremia, renal failure Methanol toxicity Paraldehyde toxicity Salicylate toxicity Alcohol ketoacidosis Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol

Question 7

____________ refers to a process in the body that tends to raise pH to \> 7.44 due to decrease in acid or increase in alkali, leading to alkalemia in the blood

Accepted Answer

Alkalosis

Question 8

•H⁺ will react with HCO₃̄ to form more ___________, and subsequently ____________.

Accepted Answer

H₂CO₃; H₂O and CO₂

Question 9

Examples of extracellular buffering agents

Accepted Answer

bicarbonate and ammonia

Question 10

Normal AG acidosis

Accepted Answer

due to loss of fluid rich HCO₃ from kidney or GT and counterbalanced by reabsorption of Cl⁻ with Na⁺ or K ⁺ to maintain neutrality

Question 11

•Hypoalbuminemia causes __________ in anion gap.

Accepted Answer

decrease

Question 12

Common mixed acid base disorders that result from metabolic acidosis paired with respiratory alkalosis

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis with hyoerventilation

Question 13

Disturbances of respiratory component, compensation occurs through the _________

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Question 14

The DCT reabsorption of HCO₃⁺ differs from PCT in what ways?

Accepted Answer

H+ secretion by the intercalated cells in DCT involves a H+-ATPase (rather than a Na+-H+ antiport) HCO3- transfer across the basolateral membrane involves a HCO3--Cl- exchanger (rather than a Na+-HCO3- symport)

Question 15

Normal anion gap acidosis is also known as ________________

Accepted Answer

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 16

The lower the pK the ___________ the acid, and the ________ it gives up it protons

Accepted Answer

Stonger; easier

Question 17

The major source of NH4+ is from _________which enters the cell from the ____________(80%) and the ___________(20%)

Accepted Answer

Glutamine; pertibulular capillaries; Filtrate

Question 18

CO2 is __________soluble and easily crosses into the ____________ of the PCT cell. In the cell, it combines with __________to produce bicarbonate.

Accepted Answer

Lipid; cytoplasm; OH-

Question 19

The Na+- HCO3- symporter is __________ as it transfers ____ HCO3- for every_______Na+.

Accepted Answer

Electrogenic; three; one

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Acid Base Disorders Flashcards

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