Mitochondria

Question 1

ATP transporter lines up to face VDAC becuase both are anchored to a unique phospholipid of inner mitochondrial membrane called ____________

Answer 1

Cardiolipin

Question 2

___ and ____ transport proteins in the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 2

TOM; TIM; TOM passes proteins through TIM, who transports proteins in the matrix

Question 3

ATP exits via _________

Answer 3

VDAC

Question 4

Cholesterol is imported into mitochondria, under the influence of the ____ protein.

Answer 4

STAR

Question 5

What affect does activated AMPK have on proteins?

Answer 5

It alters the function of proteins and the transcription of genes

Question 6

_____ enters through VDAC and ____exits through VDAC.

Answer 6

Pyruvate; ATP

Question 7

___________ is one of the many proteins activated by AMPK.

Answer 7

NRF-1 (Nuclear Respiratory Factor)

Question 8

Calcium storage goes between the _____ and the _____ based upon need.

Answer 8

Mitochondria; endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

What enzyme from glycolysis is known to bind to VDAC?

Answer 9

Hexokinase; couples glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

____ is one of the many proteins activated by AMPK

Answer 10

NRF-1; used by AMPK to produce more mitochondria to produce more energy

Question 11

Mitochondria fuse during times of ___

Answer 11

Starvation

Question 12

Factors release by the mitochondria when the pore, of the inner mitochondrial membrane opens

Answer 12

1. Cytochrome C
2. Apoptosis-inducing factor
3. Procaspases

Question 13

ALS and the mitochondria

Answer 13

1. ALS is associated with mitochondrial damage in the neurons
2. Inherited form involves a misfolded enzyme called superoxide dismutase (SOD) that may block VDAC

Question 14

Whether or not mitochondria divide or fuse depends on what?

Answer 14

The energy needs of a cell

Question 15

A unique phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane called _____

Answer 15

Cardiolipin; which anchors ATP transporters to the membrane; aligns ATP- transporter and VDAC

Question 16

Nutrients enter and exit the mitochondrial matrix via _____.

Answer 16

VDAC

Question 17

The first step of steroid synthesis

Answer 17

The importation of cholesterol into the mitochondria via the STAR protein

Question 18

Cytochrome c actives _____

Answer 18

Caspases

Question 19

Activation of the caspase cascade can also lead to destruction of the ____________

Answer 19

Nuclear lamins

Question 20

Common cofactor in pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA

Answer 20

Ca2+

Question 21

How are mitochondrial genes inherited?

Answer 21

By cytoplasmic inheritance

Question 22

In ____________, many mitochondira are often located near basolateral cell membrane infoldings and provide locally needed ATP.

Answer 22

Ion-transporting cells

Question 23

Mitochondria are moved around the cell on _________

Answer 23

Microtubules

Question 24

_____ is activated by an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, by starvation, or by increasing _____

Answer 24

AMPK; phosphocreatine

Question 25

Which amino acids are prevalent in capsases?

Answer 25

Cysteine and aspartic acid

Question 26

Steroid- synthesizing cells have mitochondria with _____cristae.

Answer 26

Tubular