Bioenergetics

Question 1

ATP/ ADP are what type of molecule

Answer 1

Phosphoric Acid Anhydrates

Question 2

Three stages of extraction of energy from foodstuffs

Answer 2

Catabolism of macromolecule→Acetyl CoA→ Citric Acid Cycle

Question 3

Less chemical energy= ____stable

Answer 3

More

Question 4

Standard free energy change (Temp, Pressure, Concentration

Answer 4

25º C, 1 atm, 1 M

Question 5

Gibbs free energy equation

Answer 5

ΔGº = ΔHº-TΔSº

Question 6

List order of Standard Free Energies of Hydrolysis of Phosphorylated Compounds

Answer 6

1. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
2. 1,3-Bisphophoglycerate
3. Phosphocreatine
4. ADP
5. Acetyl-CoA
6. ATP
7. Glucose 3- phosphate

Question 7

Creatine Phosphate has why type of high energy bond?

Answer 7

Guanidinium Phosphates

Question 8

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering____

Answer 8

The activation energy

Question 9

Is ATP or ADP more stable?

Answer 9

ADP

Question 10

Creatine phosphate is used as _____donor. It remains around___mM in muscle.

Answer 10

Phosphoryl; 30

Question 11

Second Law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

Systems tend toward disorder

Question 12

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate is what type of bond

Answer 12

Acyl Phosphate (Phospho-carboxy anhydride)

Question 13

Mass action

Answer 13

Push towards equilibruim, as result of the addition or removal of particaipant in the equilibruim

Question 14

Range for “mass action” effects

Answer 14

+3 and -3 kcal/mol

Question 15

Activated carriers

Answer 15

molecules that can be split (C→ A + B) to release free energy but only if there is an excess of C relative to its equilibrium concnetration.

Key examples are ATP, GTP, NADH, FADH , and NADPH.

Question 16

Ways of Regulating Metabolic Processes

Answer 16

Amount of enzymes, Catalytic activity of enzymes, Post-translational modification, Compartmentalization

Question 17

Energy Charge

Answer 17

Measure of all energy in a cell

Question 18

Catabolism

Answer 18

Break down of macromolecules

Question 19

Examples of Phosphoric acid Anhydrides

Answer 19

ATP/ADP

Question 20

Draw ATP structure

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

Define and distinguish ΔGº and ΔG. Equation

Answer 21

ΔGº = for unmixed reactants and products @ equilibrium

ΔG= for mixed reactants and products at equilibruim

Question 22

Anabolism

Answer 22

Build up of macromolecules

Question 23

Metabolism

Answer 23

Maintains balance

Question 24

Acetyl CoA has what type of high energy bonds

Answer 24

Thioester

Question 25

G in relation to Keq

Answer 25

G<0; Keq>1

G>0; Keq<1

Question 26

The chemical energy of a compound is affected by __, ___, and __.

Answer 26

Bond strain, resonance forms, and steric effects

Question 27

Phosphoenolpyruvate is what type of bond?

Answer 27

Enol Phosphate