Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards
What is diet?
Sum total of all ingested foods
What are nutrients?
Chemically defined compounds required by the body
Why do we choose the food we do?
Likes
Dislikes
Religious and ethical considerations
Social and physiological components
What is means by requirement for a nutrient?
The amount required to keep you healthy and prevent deficiency
What requires energy demand in our bodies?
Basal requirements
Mechanical work
Substrate turnover
Where does 90% of our bodies demands come from?
Cellular work
What is nutritional failure?
The failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the body
Why might you need an excess in demand of nutrients?
Due to weight gain
What is malnutrition?
When there is a mismatch of demand and intake
What is the definition of malnutrition?
As state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue / body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome.
Can we make or destroy energy?
No
What does excess energy lead to?
Weight gain
What does deficient energy intake lead to?
Weight loss
What is under nutrition strongly associated with?
Illness
How is BMI calculated?
Weight (kg)/ Height squared (m)
What is BMI >25?
Overweight
What is BMI > 30 ?
Obese
What is BMI <20?
Underweight but still normalish
What is BMI <18?
Physical impairment
What does the MUST scale stand for?
Malnutrition univeraal screening tool
What is step 1 of the MUST tool?
Measure height
Measure weight and calculate BMI
What score does BMI<20 give?
1
What score does BMI <18 give?
2
What is step 2 of the MUST score?
Have you lost weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months
If the patient has lost 5% of their body weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months what score are they given?
1
If the patient has lost 10% of their body weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months what score are they given?
2
What is step 3 of the MUST tool?
Has the patient eaten in the last 5 days
What score is given if the patient has not eaten in the last 5 days?
2
What does a MUST score >2 suggest?
A risk of undernutrition
What does a MUST score of 1 suggest?
Supplements and watch closely
What does a MUST score of 0 suggest?
Monitor the patient
What are the clinical consequences of malnutrition?
o Impaired immune response o Reduced muscle strength o Impaired wound healing o Impaired physco-social function o Impaired recovery from illness and surgery o Poorer clinical outcomes
What requirements should you work out when assessing a patient?
Age Weight Sex Disease Activity Nitrogen requirements
What are some causes of undernutrition?
Appetite failure - caused by anorexia nervosa or disease
Access failure - e.g stroke, cancer of head and neck, head injury
Intestinal failure - crohn’s, coeliac
