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Alimentary System > GIT Investigations > Flashcards

GIT Investigations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most important investigations with any patient?

A

History

Examination

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2
Q

What bedside investigations should be done?

A 
BMI 
Pulse
ECG 
Capillary glucose 
Urinalyssis
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3
Q

What does capillary glucose investigate?

A

Diabetes

High blood glucose

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4
Q

What score must be carried out for malabsorptive patients?

A

MUST

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5
Q

Why should an ECG be carried out for abdominal patients?

A

Distinguish between upper abdomen or chest pain

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6
Q

What is stool analysed for?

A

FOBT
Stool culture
Faecal calcprotectin
Faecal Elastase

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7
Q

What is FOB?

A

Blood in the bowels

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8
Q

When is stool culture particularly important?

A

For diarrhoea

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9
Q

When is faecal calcprotectin important?

A

Inflammatory signs e.g IBD

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10
Q

When is faecal elastase important to test for?

A

Investigations of pancreatic insufficiency/malabsorption

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11
Q

What LFT should be carried out?

A 
Bilirubin 
Aminotransferases ALT/ALT 
Alkaline Phosphatase/ALP
Gamma GT 
Albumin 
Prothrombin time 
Creatinine 
Platelet count
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12
Q

What are aminotransferases?

A

Enzymes used in breaking down proteins
ALT
AST

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13
Q

What result suggests problem with aminotransferases?

A

Elevated aminotransferases

Excess levels are leaked into blood stream when hepatocytes are damaged

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14
Q

What is alkaline phosphatase?

A

Enzyme present in cells lining biliary ducts

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15
Q

What results suggest pathology with alkaline phosphatase?

A

Elevated levels

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16
Q

What is Gamma GT?

A

Non-specific liver enzyme

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17
Q

When is Gamma GT elevated?

A

In alcohol abuse

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18
Q

What do low levels of albumin suggest?

A

Chronic liver disease

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19
Q

What can elevated CRP suggest?

A

Inflammation

Generally high in Crohns disease

20
Q

Why should WBC be checked for?

A

Inflammation

21
Q

In blood analysis what should be checked fro in hepatic screens?

A 
HBC and HCV serology 
Autoantibodies
Immunoglobulins 
Ferritin 
Alpha 1 antitrypsin 
Alpha fetoprotein
22
Q

What does alpha fetoprotein suggest?

A

Cancer bio marker

23
Q

What is a urea breath test used to test for?

A

H/pylori

24
Q

What does an UGIE examine?

A

Oesophagus to duodenum

25
Q

Why is fasting required for UGIE?

A

To ensure no food gets in the way of camera view

26
Q

What does UGIE allow for?

A

Biopsy and therapeutic intervention

27
Q

Give example of therapeutic intervention that can be carried out with UGIE

A

Oesophageal stenting

Pyloric stenting

28
Q

Give an example of diagnostic technique that can be carried out with UGIE

A

Biopsy

29
Q

What are some risks from UGIE?

A

Aspiration
Perforation
Haemorrhage

30
Q

What does colonoscopy investigate?

A

Rectum to caecum

31
Q

What does colonoscopy allow for?

A

Biopsy and polypectomy

32
Q

What is polypectomy?

A

Removal of polyps

33
Q

What are the risk fo colonoscopy?

A

Perforation
Hameorrhage
Renal impairment

34
Q

What is ERCP?

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

35
Q

What does ERCP allow visualisation of?

A

Ampulla
Biliary system
Pancreatic ducts

36
Q

What are the risks of ERCP?

A 
Pancreatitis
Haemorrhage 
Perforation 
Infection 
Mortality
37
Q

What is endoscopic ultrasound used for?

A

Diagnosis and staging

38
Q

What does EUS allow for?

A

Diagnosis
Staging
Biopsy
Cyst Drainage

39
Q

Where are RBC broken down?

A

Spleen

40
Q

What does increased creatinine suggest?

A

Renal impairment

Decreased eGFR

41
Q

Where is albumin made?

A

Liver

42
Q

Why can hypoalbuminaemia lead to oedema?

A

As oncotic pressure extravascular space>intravascular space

43
Q

Which antibodies are measured in coeliac serology?

A

Tissue transglutaminase

44
Q

What is oesophageal pH manometry used to detect?

A

Motility of GIT
Level of acid exposure
Records acid levels

45
Q

In which cancers if alpha fetoprotein normally found?

A

Liver

Non-sematomous

46
Q

What is ERCP a major risk factor for?

A

Pancreatitis

47
Q

Why is a colonoscopy and endoscopy diagnostic?

A

Because biopsies can be taken

Alimentary System (29 decks)

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