Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alimentary System > Hepatobiliary Pathology > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the blood that the hepatic artery supplies to the liver

A

Oxygen rich

Nutrient depleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the blood that the hepatic portal vein supplies to the liver

A

Oxygen depleted

Nutrient rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

Protein synthesis
Metabolism of fat and carbohydrate
Metabolism of alcohol
Biliary metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is liver failure a complication of?

A

Acute liver injury

Chronic livery injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hepatits?

A

Liver inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can cause hepatitis?

A

Viruses
Alcohol
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What viruses target the liver?

A

Hep A
Hep B
Hep C
Hep E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which virus is Hep D associated with?

A

Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which hepatitis viruses normally resolute?

A

A and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is jaundice caused by?

A

Increased circulating bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 classifications of jaundice?

A

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are RBC processed?

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the pre-hepatic metabolism of bilirubin

A
  • Breakdown of haemoglobin in spleen (as this is where RBC are processed) to form haem and globin
  • Haem converted to bilirubin
  • Release of bilirubin into circulation
  • There is a normal low circulating level of bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the hepatic metabolism of bilirubin

A
  • Uptake of bilirubin by hepatocytes
  • Conjugation of bilirubin in hepatocytes (make it go water soluble)
  • Excretion of conjugated bilirubin into biliary system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the Post-hepatic metabolism of bilirubin

A
  • Transport of conjugated bilirubin in biliary system
  • Breakdown of bilirubin conjugate in intestine
  • Re-absorption of bilirubin
  • Entero-hepatic circulation of bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 classifications of jaundice?

A

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic

18
Q

What is cholestasis?

A

Accumulation of bile within hepatocytes or bile canaliculi

19
Q

What are some causes for cholestasis?

A 
o	Viral hepatitis 
o	Alcoholic hepatitis 
o	Liver Failure 
o	Drugs 
-	Therapeutic 
-	Recreational 
o	Any drug can potentially cause liver harm
20
Q

What 2 conditions cause intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction?

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

21
Q

Does PBC mainly affect males or females?

A

Females

22
Q

What is hepatic cirrhosis?

A

End stage liver disease
Response of liver to chronic injury
Scarring of the liver

23
Q

What are some causes of cirrhosis?

A 
Alcohol 
Hepatitis B and C 
Immune mediated liver disease (auto-immune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis)
Excess iron 
Wilson's disease (excess copper)
Obesity 
Fatty liver disease
Cryptogenic
24
Q

What is the pathology of liver cirrhosis like?

A 
o	Diffuse process involving whole liver 
o	Loss of normal liver structure 
o	Replaced by nodules of hepatocytes separated by large bands of fibrous tissue o	Smaller than normal 
o	Fibrosed 
o	Nodules of various size
25
Q

What are the complications of cirrhosis?

A

Altered liver function
Abnormal blood flow
Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

26
Q

What tumours can occur in the liver?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Metastatic tumours

27
Q

What is hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Malignant tumour of hepatocytes

28
Q

What is cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Malignant tumour of bile duct epithelium

29
Q

Is the liver a common site for metastases?

A

Yes

30
Q

What are the risk factors for cholelithiasis?

A 
Obesity 
Diabetes 
Fat 
Female 
Forty 
Fertile
31
Q

What is cholelithiasis?

A

Gallstones

32
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder

33
Q

What is empyema in the gall bladder?

A

Accumulation of pus in the hollow organ

34
Q

What is chronic cholecystitis?

A

Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the gall bladder

35
Q

What are causes of common bile duct obstruction?

A 
Gallstones 
Bile duct tumours in the duct 
Compression from external tumours 
Benign tumours 
Benign strictures
36
Q

What are the consequences of common bile duct obstruction?

A

Jaundice as no bile is excreted into the duodenum
Infection of bile proximal to obstruction
Secondary biliary cirrhosis

37
Q

What causes biliary colic?

A

When the GB contracts after a fatty meal to try release bile
but gallstones get pushed in to the cystic duct

38
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the biliary tree

39
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

Gallstones in the common bile duct

40
Q

In which quadrant in the abdomen is biliary pain usually felt?

A

Right upper quadrant

Alimentary System (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions