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Peds > nutrition (2) > Flashcards

nutrition (2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is an essential component of growth and development

A

nutrition

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2
Q

when does birth weight triple by?

A

1 year

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3
Q

how long should children breastfeed with other nutrients

A

two years and beyond

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4
Q

advantages of breastfeeding

A
  • enhances brain development
  • easily digested and absorbed
  • fosters immune defense
  • psychological benefits
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5
Q

what does breastfeeding protect against

A
  • otitis media/resp infections
  • diarrhea
  • 1/2 DM
  • obesity/ high BP
  • asthma, atopic dermatitis
  • childhood leukemia
  • SIDS
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6
Q

how long does it take to digest milk?

A

2-3 hours

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7
Q

how many times is an infant fed in 24 hours

A

8-12 times

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8
Q

what are all babies supplemented with?

A

vit D

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9
Q

what does sleeping with a bottle increase the risk for?

A

otitis media?

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10
Q

what are constipating foods

A

rice cereal, bananas

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11
Q

what kind of milk should infants 6-12 months have?

A

only breast milk or fortified formula
-no cows milk!

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12
Q

when should introductions of complementary food begin?

A

6 months, decreasing extrusion reflex

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13
Q

for what reasons can complementary foods be given at 6 months

A
  • infant can sit well with support
  • can appreciate texture
  • swallow non-liquid food
  • indicate desire for food
  • turn away from food when full
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14
Q

what foods can be sterted at 6 months

A

single ingredient fruit, vegtables, grains, and meats, in any order

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15
Q

what are laxative acting foods

A

prunes, pears, peaches, and apricots

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16
Q

common allergenic foods

A

peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, eggs

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17
Q

when can honey be introduced?

A

12 months

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18
Q

if an infant doesn’t want to eat, do you force?

A

no

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19
Q

how do you prevent early childhood caries (major tooth decay)

A
  • smear or rice grain sized toothpaste when teeth start coming in
  • no water to rinse
  • spit without rinsing
  • flouride varnish q6 months
  • establish a dental home by 12 months
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20
Q

what does the metabolic rate look like in toddlers?

A

starts slowing?

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21
Q

how many meals and snacks should toddlers get, and what do they need?

A
  • 3 meals, 2 snacks
  • sliced meats, cheese, fruits and veggies
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22
Q

at what age do kids display physiologic anorexia

A

toddler

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23
Q

how much milk is the maximum per day

A

no more than a quart (32 oz)

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24
Q

how much juice is the maximum per day

A

4-6 oz

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25
Q

should preschoolers be making food choices on their own?

A

yes when applicable

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26
Q

when should education be provided on healthy food choices?

A

school age children

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27
Q

when should children be included in food purchase and prep

A

school age

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28
Q

how many teeth erupt by 12 years old

A

22-26

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29
Q

what are anthropometric measures of measuring nutrition

A
  • weight
  • length
  • head circumference
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30
Q

what factors are considered when measuring and comapring weight

A

gender and age

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31
Q

what is a calculation based on weight and height to determine if they are in preportion

A

BMI

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32
Q

what is included in dietary history of nutritional assessment

A
  • 24 hour food recall
  • food frequency questionaire
  • dietary screening
  • food diary
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33
Q

what are diets normally deficient in

A

iron, calcium, vitamin d, folic acid

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34
Q

what are characteristics of colic

A
  • paroxysmal abd pain
  • severe crying
  • supportive management
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35
Q

what is an important tool that can be used to help with nutrition choices?

A

myplate

36
Q

when does birth weight double in infants?

A

4-6 months

37
Q

does breastfeeding happen easily?

A

no, baby knows how to suck and swallow, but the process takes around 2 weeks to get the hang of

38
Q

what should not be added to a bottle unless prescribed?

A

cereal

39
Q

When can cows milk be introduced

A

1 year

40
Q

What is the concern about feeding an infant cows milk?

A

GI bleeding and anemia, interferes with absorption of nutrients, increased solute which are difficult to discreet

41
Q

Why can complimentary foods start to be given at six months

A

the extrusion, or tongue thrusting reflex, is decreased

42
Q

what can starting complimentary foods to early lead to?

A

obesity early on

43
Q

How should foods be introduced to prevent allergies?

A

One food at a time, don’t introduce more than one until a couple days have passed

44
Q

when should non-risk infants be introduced to possible food allergens?

A

6 months

45
Q

Why is honey not given before 12 months old

A

botulism risk

46
Q

What foods are choking hazards?

A

Hot dogs, hard vegetables, candy, whole grapes, peanut butter

47
Q

how much milk should a toddler consume in one day?

A

16-24 oz

48
Q

Which of the following are healthy ways to serve food to toddlers?
1. Establishing a pattern of sitting at a table for meals
2. permitting nutritious snacking in place of meals
3. allowing some simple choices

A

1 and 3 only

49
Q

what are food jags?

A

Only eating a few foods for a certain amount of time

50
Q

When do children start losing baby teeth?

A

6 yo

51
Q

How many teeth are there total after all of them have come through?

A

32

52
Q

When is there an increased need for calories

A

During growth spurts and sports

53
Q

What can an instant wear when they are weighed?

A

Only a dry diaper

54
Q

what can a toddler or preschooler wear while they are weighed?

A

Just their underwear

55
Q

What can older children wear to be weighed?

A

Hospital gown or clothes with no shoes

56
Q

When does a child switch from having their length taken to having their height taken?

A

Whenever they are able to stand

57
Q

at what age does the head circumference stop being measured?

A

2 yo

58
Q

When is a food diary taken

A

1-7 days, no holidays

59
Q

what does the AAP recommend for the amount of daily exercise?

A

30-60 min

60
Q

What is calcium deficiencies caused by? (enteral)

A

Carbonated beverages and juice

61
Q

how many units of vitamin D do children from birth to 12 months old receive per day?

A

400 units

62
Q

How much vitamin D is recommended for children greater than 12 months old per day?

A

600 units

63
Q

What are sources of folate in the diet?

A

Bread or sources of flour, yeast, spinach, avocado, green leafy vegetables, beans, peas, liver, and fruit

64
Q

what is a gluten sensitive interopathy that is an intolerance for gluten?

A

Celiac disease

65
Q

What does a gluten intolerance affect and what can it cause?

A

Effects fat absorption initially, can cause steatorrhea (fat in stool)

66
Q

What are signs and symptoms of celiac disease?

A

Chronic diarrhea, growth impairment, abdominal distension

67
Q

In what foods is gluten-found?

A

Wheat, barley, rye, and oats

68
Q

how and when is celiac disease diagnosed?

A

Diagnosed at any age, measure fecal fat content, duodenal biopsy, improvement when gluten is removed from the diet

69
Q

What is failing to eat enough to be adequately nourished called?

A

Avoidant / restrictive food intake disorder
(Formerly failure to thrive)

70
Q

what are the 2 types of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

A

organic and no specific cause

71
Q

what kind of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder is related to some specific disease

A

organic

72
Q

what are causes of non-specific cause avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder?

A
  • poverty
  • caregiver depression
  • substance abuse
73
Q

what are clinical manifestations of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

A
  • weight loss less than 5th%ile
  • food refusal
  • erratic sleep patterns
  • irritable, difficult to soothe
  • developmentally delayed
  • no weight gain/weight loss
74
Q

clinical therapy of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

A
  • history and physical
  • may be hospitalized
  • disgnostic tests
75
Q

goals of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder treatment

A
  • provide adequate caloric and nutritional intake
  • promote normal growth and development
  • teach feeding, hunger cues, schedule
76
Q

what is a potentially life threatening eating disorder that primarily affects teenage girls and young women

A

anorexia nervosa

77
Q

what are causes of anorexia nervosa

A
  • culture
  • media
  • biological
  • stressors
  • fam issues
78
Q

clinical manifestations of anorexia nervosa

A
  • extreme weight loss
  • long excessive workouts
  • peculiar ways of dealing with food
  • distorted body image
  • depression
  • OCD/anxiety
79
Q

what are physical signs and symptoms of anorexia

A
  • cold intolerance
  • abdominal discomfort
  • bloating
  • irregular menses
  • malnutrition
80
Q

what are treatment options of anorexia

A
  • gradual weight gain via enteral feeding or TPN
  • physchotherapy (individual or family)
81
Q

what is binge eating followed by a weight control method

A

bulemia nervosa

82
Q

what demographics are more likely to be bulemic?

A
  • white, higher social status
  • adolescent girls/women
  • average age of 20
83
Q

what are physical finding related to purging from bulemia?

A
  • malnutrition
  • dehydration/electrolyte imbalance
  • erosion of tooth enamel from acidic vomit
84
Q

what diet changes are made when kids are routinely playing sports?

A
  • increase intake of good food
  • no increase in fats
  • increase water
85
Q

what are the main deficiencies seen in vegetarian diets?

A
  • vit d
  • B12
  • zinc
86
Q

what are some minor deficiencies seen in vegetarian diets?

A

iron, fiber, calories, protein, fat

87
Q

what is a peds nickname for G tube?

A

mickey button

Peds (30 decks)

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