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Peds > genitourinary (3) > Flashcards

genitourinary (3) Flashcards

1
Q

3 causes of UTIs

A
  • bacterial
  • viral
  • fungal
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2
Q

what is a lower UTI called and what does it effect

A
  • cystitis
  • urethra and bladder
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3
Q

what is an upper UTI called and what does it effect

A
  • pyelonephritis
  • ureters, renal pelvis, renal parenchima
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4
Q

which gender do UTIs effect more

A

girls

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5
Q

why would a bladder be non-palpable

A

emptying often

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6
Q

what confirms a UTI

A

urine C&S

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7
Q

how long are antibiotics taken for UTI

A

7-14 days

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8
Q

whats conditions involve abnormal location of urethral meatus?

A

hypospadias and epispadias

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9
Q

is hypospadias dorsal or ventral

A

ventral

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10
Q

what results from failure of urethral folds to fuse completely over the urethral grove

A

hypospadias or epispadias

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11
Q

is there a familial tendency or hypo/epispadias

A

yes

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12
Q

which 4 conditions can occur in conjunction with hypo/epispadias

A
  • congenital cordae
  • inguinal hernias
  • cryptorchidism (undescended testes)
  • partial absebce of foreskin
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13
Q

treatment for hypo/epispadias

A
  • surgical repair, usually wait for circumcision becuase they may use the skin for it in repair
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14
Q

what are the 2 components of hypospadias repair

A
  • new urethral meaus
  • stent/catheter in place for urinary drainage
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15
Q

which diapering technique is used after hypospadias surgery

A
  • double diapering
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16
Q

describe double diapering after hypospadias surgery

A

one diaper is used for stool (underneath), it has a hole in it where a catheter is threaded through to catch urine stream

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17
Q

what is when urine backs up from the bladder into the kidneys due to the ureter opening sitting too low

A

vesicoureteral reflux

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18
Q

what does vesicoureteral reflux cause

A

infection

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19
Q

what does increased pressure in the kidneys from vesticoureteral refulx cause

A

renal scarring, hypertension, possible renal failure

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20
Q

what diagnoses vesticoureteral reflux

A

voiding cystourethrogram

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21
Q

what is the treatment of vesticoureteral reflux

A

surgery (ureteral reimplantation, reimplant ureter in another place)

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22
Q

when can patients leave after vesticoureteral reflux surgery

A

when they can pee on theri own without a foley

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23
Q

what meds are used after vesticoureteral reflux surgery

A

pain meds, antispasmodics, antibiotics

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24
Q

for what temperature should a parent call the physican after vesticoureteral reflux surgery

A

greater than 38.5

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25
Q

how long should children avoid acive play after vesticoureteral reflux suregry

A

3 weeks (hard to comply)

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26
Q

what is repeated involuntary voiding after child is expected to have bladder control (5-6 y.o.)

A

enuresis

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27
Q

nocturnal vs. diurnal enuresis

A

nocturnal is only at night, diurnal can be during day too

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28
Q

primary vs. secondary enuresis

A
  • primary= never had a dry night before (always happened)
  • secondary= dry for 6-12 months, then it starts. caused by stress, infection, sleep disorder
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29
Q

what type of enuresis is more common

A

primary

30
Q

is enuresis more common in girls or boys?

A

boys

31
Q

what are the 3 non-pharm treatments for enuresis

A
  • fluid restriction (at night or bedtime)
  • bladder training
  • enuresis alarms
32
Q

what are bladder training methods for enuresis

A
  • bladder exercises (start/stop stream)
  • timed voiding (q2h, double voiding pattern)
33
Q

what meds used for enuresis has an antidiuretic effect to decrease urine at night

A

desmopressin

34
Q

what meds used for enuresis is a tricyclic antidepressant, has an anticholinergic effect, and stimulates the CNS to allow the child to awake to pee

A

imipramide

35
Q

what meds used for enuresis increases bladder capacity

A

oxybutynin

36
Q

what is an alteration in kidney function secondary to increased glomerular membrane permeability to plasma protein

A

nephrotic syndrome

37
Q

what is characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, and altered immunity

A

nephrotic syndrome

38
Q

what syndrome affects 85% of children with nephrotic syndrome

A

minimal change nephrotic syndrome

39
Q

s/sx of minimal change nephrotic syndrome

A
  • gradual weight gain
  • periorbital edema in AM, moves to abd
  • generalized edema
  • child feels “yucky”
40
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome effects on renal system

A

decreased output, dark frothy urine

41
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome effects on cardio system

A

HTN

42
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome vascular effects

A

thrombosis

43
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome effects on GI system

A

anorexia, vomiting, abd pain

44
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome effects on skin

A

pallor, brittle hair, edema, shiny skin, prominent veins

45
Q

minimal change nephrotic syndrome effects on resp system

A

resp distress from pulmonary effusion

46
Q

what is the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome based on?

A
  • history
  • physical
  • presence of symptoms
  • lab findings
47
Q

what lab finding are seen in nephrotic syndrome

A

3-4+ protein in urine
bloodwork

48
Q

what is the goal of neohrotic syndrome treatment

A

to get into remission

49
Q

what med is used to decrease protein in nephrotic syndrome

A

corticosteroids (IV or PO)

50
Q

what med for nephrotic syndrome treatment replaces deficiencies and helps edema

A

IV albumin

51
Q

what med for nephrotic syndrome treatment induces diuresis

A

furosemide

52
Q

what med for nephrotic syndrome treatment controls and prevents infection

A

antibiotics

53
Q

nutritional needs of nephrotic syndrome

A

no added salt

54
Q

why is it imprtant to continue monitoring nephrotic syndrome after it subsides

A

relapses

55
Q

what is inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys

A

acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

56
Q

what is APIGN in response to?

A

group A beta hemolytic strep infection (skin or pharynx)

57
Q

why does edema happen in APIGN?

A

kidneys become incapable of filtering and emilinating wastes (sodium and water)

58
Q

clinical manifestations of APIGN

A
  • abrupt onset
  • flank/abd pain
  • irritability
  • malaise
  • fever
  • hematuria
  • proteinuriary congestion or ascites
  • mild periorbital edema
  • dependent edema -> pulmonary congestion or ascites
  • HTN
59
Q

what aspects of blood will be increased with APIGN

A

BUN, creatinine, WBC count, sed rate

60
Q

what in blood is decreased in APIGN

A

serum protein, H&H

61
Q

what does an elevated ASO titer mean for APIGN

A

shows if they had strep throat (not skin)

62
Q

what is abnormal in a urinalysis with APIGN

A

hematuria and proteinuria

63
Q

what are s/sx of pulmonary congestion in APIGN

A

dyspnea, resp distress, dull pain, cough, crackles

64
Q

what activity is ordered for someone with APIGN

A

bedrest

65
Q

what is when foreskin cant be retracted over the glans penis. (normal in uncircumsized)

A

phimosis

66
Q

what is when retracted forskin wont return to normal position

A

paraphimosis

67
Q

what is an emergent condition where the scrotum is twisted, cutting off blood supply to testes. has severe pain and edema in scrotum

A

testicular torsion

68
Q

when is surgery needed for testicular torsion

A

within 6 hrs

69
Q

what is infection of upper genital tract caused by STIs

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

70
Q

s/sx of pelvid inflammatory disease

A

lower abd pain, dysmenorrhea/ prolonged menses, discharge, pain w/ sex, n/v fever

71
Q

what does pelvic inflammatory disease lead to?

A

infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain

72
Q

describe antibiotic treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease

A

IV 24h, then oral

Peds (30 decks)

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