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Peds > musculoskeletal part 3 (2) > Flashcards

musculoskeletal part 3 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

infection of the long bones (lower extremity)

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2
Q

is osteomyelitis acute or chronic

A

could be either

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3
Q

what ages is osteomyelitis seen in?

A

1-12 y.o.

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4
Q

what gender is osteomyelitis usually seen in?

A

boys more than girls (more trauma)

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5
Q

causes of osteomyelitis?

A

trauma/surgery
infections (bacterial, respiratory, UTI)

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6
Q

can osteomyelitis spread?

A

yes, if not caught early enough

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7
Q

case study
-9 y.o. with hx of football injury, pain in upper shin, swelling, limited mobility, fever

what is diagnosis?

A

osteomyelitis

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8
Q

how is a sports injury ruled out when considering osteomyelitis

A

labs, xray, MRI, bone scan

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9
Q

describe treatment of osteomyelitis

A

antibiotics first, then prep for PICC if unsuccessful after a week or so

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10
Q

how long will a patient have to be on IV antibiotics for osteomyelitis

A

3-6 weeks, oral if improvement

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11
Q

complications from osteeomyelitis

A

disruption of growth plate, joint damage, recurrent infection

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12
Q

what is the term for brittle bone syndrome

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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13
Q

what is a connective tissue disorder that primarily affects the bones, bones more likely to fracture

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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14
Q

pathophys behind osteogenesis imperfecta

A

biochemical defect in collagen production

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15
Q

is osteogenesis imperfecta genetically transmitted?

A

yes

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16
Q

how would you change a diaper in a baby with osteogenesis imperfecta

A

be extra careful, slow and support body

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17
Q

which of the following are clinical manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta?
1. blue sclera
2. multiple/frequent fractures
3. increased flexibility
4. large anterior fontanel
5. short stature

A

all

18
Q

what are the 2 drugs used for osteogenesis imperfecta

A

pamidronate!!!
zolidronic acid

19
Q

what is the action of pamidronate?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta
bisphosphonates slow normal bone breakdown, allow mass to increase

20
Q

action of zolidronic acid?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta
decreases fractures and pain

21
Q

diet of osteogenesis imperfecta patients

A

high vitamins D & C, high calcium

22
Q

what should be screened in a osteogenesis imperfecta case

A

potential abuse

23
Q

what should be avoided in a diet with osteogenesis imperfecta

A

too many calories to stay ligher (easier on bones) (may resemble abuse)

24
Q

which 2 things make up muscular dystrophy?

A

muscle fiber degeneration and muscle wasting

25
Q

what is the age of onset of muscular dystrophy

A

birth or gradual

26
Q

what is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, only seen in males

A

duchenne

27
Q

which of the following are symptoms of duchenne muscular dystrophy?
1. muscle weakness of lower extremities
2. small, underdeveloped calf muscles
3. occurs in early childhood
4. child trips or toe walks
5. disease progresses up body

A

1,3,4,5

28
Q

are the upper or lower extremities affected by duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

lower

29
Q

what do calves of someone with duchenne muscular dystrophy look like?

A

enlarged (connective tissue)

30
Q

what are other conditions that can occur with duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, resp distress

31
Q

what is the common cause of death for those with duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

resp infection or cardiac failure

32
Q

which of the following tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy?
1. serum enzyme assay
2. muscle biopsy
3. electromyography
4. CBC

A

1,2,3

33
Q

treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

steroids ti preserve function, no others
researching gene therapy

34
Q

what is the most common way a fracture is reduced?

A

closed reduction (cast)

35
Q

what is a condition in the soft tissue of an extremity with increased pressure in a limited space (cast)

A

comaprtment syndrome

36
Q

how long after tissue ischemia does compartment syndrome start?

A

30 minutes after tissue ischemia

37
Q

what is treamtment of campartment syndrome

A

removal of cast immediately

38
Q

what is a cast cutter like

A

loud, tickles, can cut to the skin, produces heat

39
Q

what is the purpose of traction

A

immobilization

40
Q

which of the following are included in nursing care of fractures?
1. circ/neuro assessment
2. pain assessment
3. maintain alignment
4. pin care
5. decreased fiber

A

1,2,3,4

Peds (30 decks)

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