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Peds > cardiovascular part 1 (2) > Flashcards

cardiovascular part 1 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

describe blood flo through heart?

A

inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonic valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → aortic valve → aorta → body

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2
Q

what are the 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves?

separate atrium and ventricles, name right and left

A

tricuspid = right AV valve
mitral = left AV valve

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3
Q

which 2 valves are semilunar valves?

A

pulmonic valve
aortic valve

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4
Q

what node is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

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5
Q

what cells initiate electrical impulse?

A

specialized cells in right upper atrium near superior vena cava (SA node!!!)

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6
Q

where is the AV node located?

A

low in atrial septum

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7
Q

why do PICC lines casue increased risk for arrythmias?

A

they are near the SA node, amy touch and interfere

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8
Q

describe pathway of conduction?

A

SA node → AV node → bundle of HIS → R and L bundle branches → purkinje fibers

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9
Q

what signifies atrial depolarization

A

P wave

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10
Q

what is the time from beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depoalrization

A

PR interval

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11
Q

what is ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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12
Q

what is ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

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13
Q

what is the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization?

A

ST segment

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14
Q

when can electrical conduction be measured PQRST

A

if pt. is in sinus rhythm with 5 leads

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15
Q

what is the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to tissues

A

oxygen saturation

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16
Q

what measures arterial oxygen saturation?

A

SpO2 (pulse ox)

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17
Q

normal pulse ox?

A

95-98

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18
Q

what will require a child to need oxygen?

A

can not maintain 92% while awake or 88% while sleeping

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19
Q

what is the point if maximum impulse for children 7 and younger?

A

4th intercostal space (ICS) medial to left midclavicular line (MCL)

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20
Q

what is the point of maximum impulse over age 7?

A

5th ICS, left MCL

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21
Q

what is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute

A

cardiac output

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22
Q

how is cardiac output controlled in young children

A

heart rate

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23
Q

what is the ability of the heart muscle fibers to contract forcefully?

A

contractibility

24
Q

what si teh systemic resistance to the ventricular ejection of blood?

A

afterload

25
Q

how long does a child rely on heart rate for cardiac output?

A

until 5 y.o.

26
Q

what heart sound is produced by the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves when ventricular contraction begins?

A

S1 (first heart sound)

27
Q

what heart sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

A

S2 (secind sound)

28
Q

what is the bell of the steth used to hear?

A

low pitched murmur

29
Q

where is the aortic area auscultated?

A

2nd ICS RSB

30
Q

where is the pulmonic area auscultated?

A

2nd ICS, LSB

31
Q

where is the tricuspid area auscultated?

A

5th ICS, LSB or RSB

32
Q

where is the mitral area auscultated in infants?

A

3rd or 4th ICS, just left of MCL

33
Q

where si the mitral area auscultated in children (not infants)

A

5th ICS, LSB

34
Q

where do you listed for heart rate

A

apex

35
Q

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for newborn-3 m.o.

A
  • awake = 85-205
  • sleep = 80-160
36
Q

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for 3 months-2 y.o.

A
  • awake = 100-190
  • sleep= 75-160
37
Q

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for 2 y.o.-10 y.o.

A
  • awake = 60-140
  • sleep = 60-90
38
Q

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for greater than 10 y.o.

A
  • awake = 60-100
  • sleep = 50-90
39
Q

what arm is best for blood pressure

A

right

40
Q

if a cuff is too small, the bp will be falsely ____?

A

high

41
Q

if a cuff is too big, the bp will be falsely ____?

A

low

42
Q

bp is higher in the ____

A

legs (not preffered)

43
Q

how do you calculate 50th percentile BP?

A

(90+(age in years x 2))

44
Q

how do you calculate 5th percentile BP (hypotension)?

used in 1 y.o. to 10 y.o.

A

(70+(age in years x 2))

45
Q

what is newborn-30 d.o. systolic hypotension?

A

less than 60

46
Q

what is hypotension in 1 m.o.-1 y.o.?

A

less than 70

47
Q

what shows abnirmal neurological status in babies

A

disinterest in feeding, weak suck, irritability, weak cry, lethargic, poor tone

48
Q

when does acrocyanosis resolve?

A

w/in 48 hr (immature circulation)

49
Q

what causes heart murmurs?

4 of them

A
  • turbulent flow
  • forced through narrow passage
  • regurgitation
  • increased flow (anemia)
50
Q

are all murmurs bad?

A

no

51
Q

what are abnormal cap refill, skin, and temp findings?

A
  • cap refill greater than 3 and uneven upper/lower
  • mottling, pallor
  • cold/cool
52
Q

what are the muscle fibers in the interventricular septum called?
1. purkinje fibers
2. bundle of HIS
3. bundle branches
4. atrioventricular fibers

A

2

53
Q

which extremity is best to take BP in?

A

right arm

54
Q

what is the 50th percentile systolic for a 6 y.o.?
1. 114/66
2. 90/64
3. 96/68
4. 102/66

A

4

55
Q

what will a cardiovascualr peripheral assessmnet include?

A

color, temp, cap refill, pulses, edema

Peds (30 decks)

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