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Peds > cardiovascular part 4 (2) > Flashcards

cardiovascular part 4 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is infection of the tissue lining the heart chambers

A

infective endocarditis

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2
Q

what conditions does infective endocarditis occur with?

A

Congenital heart disease, central Venus catheters, heart surgery, and IV drug abuse

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3
Q

what is the clinical therapy of infective endocarditis

A

IV antibiotics 4-8 weeks

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4
Q

When are prophylactic antibiotics indicated related to infective endocarditis in children

A

when they are at high risk. Prior to dental and invasive respiratory procedures

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5
Q

What’s in inflammatory connective tissue disorder following an infection by Group A beta hemolytic streptococci

A

rheumatic fever

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6
Q

What will dramatic fever cause long term damage to

A

heart valves and joints, brain, and skin

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7
Q

how long after the untreated streptococcal infection does rheumatic fever occur?

A

1-3 weeks

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8
Q

What are clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever

A
  • carditis
  • arthritis
  • subcue nodules
  • erythema marginatum (skin rash on trunk)
  • syndenham chorea: aimless movements of the extremities and facial grimacing if the CNS is involved
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9
Q

What is aimless movements of the extremities and facial grimacing that occurs in rheumatic fever when the CNS is involved

A

syndenham chorea

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10
Q

hownis rheumatoc feve diagnosed?

A

presence of 2 or more major clinical manifestations; positive strep test and an elevated antistreptolysin-o titer

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11
Q

what is used to treat the streptococcal infection in rheumatic fever?

A

Antibiotics

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12
Q

What is used to treat mild to moderate carditis, fever, and arthritis in rheumatic fever

A

ASA

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13
Q

What is used to reduce inflammation with severe carditis in rheumatic fever?

A

Corticosteroids

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14
Q

in what case would you need to avoid giving aspirin for rheumatic fever in children?

A

If they had rye syndrome

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15
Q

what is an acute cerebral disorder that may cause permanent brain damage

A

rye syndrome

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16
Q

What syndrome has a link between using aspirin in illnesses involving influenza or varricella

A

rye syndrome

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17
Q

What can prevent rheumatic fever

A
  • throat culture with sore throat
  • Entire course of antibiotics
  • Daily low dose antibiotic or monthly long acting antibiotic injection to prevent future infection
  • long term Cardiology follow up
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18
Q

what is an acute febrile systemic vascular inflammatory illness of unknown cause

A

kawasaki disease

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19
Q

what is the leading acquired heart disease in children

A

kawasaki disease

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20
Q

What arteries does kawasaki disease involve

A

small and midsize arteries, including coronary arteries

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21
Q

manifestations of kawasaki disease

A
  • high fever longer than 5 days
  • conjunctival hyperemis (redness)
  • red, dry, cracked lips/tongue
  • red swollen palms
  • maculo papular rash trunk/perineum
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • diarrhea, irritable, hepatic dysfunction
22
Q

how is kawasaki disease diagnosed?

A

Through clinical manifestations, echo used to determine heart involvement

23
Q

What is used within 7 to 10 days of Kawasaki disease diagnosis to reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysm

A

IV Immune globulin

24
Q

How long is aspirin used for kawasaki disease

A

high dose used initially and then decreased to a low dose until platelet count is normal or long term cardiac abnormalities

25
Q

How long have a patient be carefully monitored for cardiac disease after having kawasaki disease

A

up to 2 years

26
Q

what is the most common pathologic tachycardia

A

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

27
Q

what is an abrupt answer of regular rapid heart rate, too fast to count

A

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

28
Q

What heart rate classifies supraventricular tachycardia in infants

A

> 220 bpm

29
Q

what heart rate classifies supraventricular tachycardia in older children?

A

> 180 bpm

30
Q

Is it common to have recurrent attacks of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

yeah

31
Q

When is supraventricular tachycardia episodes life threatening

A

when they are prolonged

32
Q

What are early infant clinical manifestations of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Poor feeding, irritability, pallor

33
Q

what are clinical manifestations of supraventricular tachycardia in older children?

A

Palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, and syncopy

34
Q

what is the clinical therapy for supraventricular tachycardia?

A

vagal maneuvers; synchronized cardioversion; oral medications; radiofrequency ablation (during cardiac catch, stimulates heart)

35
Q

What vagal maneuver is used to stabilize cardiac output in infants with supraventricular tachycardia?

A

ice to face

36
Q

What vagal open maneuver is used to stabilize cardiac output in older children with supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Blow through close nose, bear downness of having a bowel movement

37
Q

what medicines are used if vagal maneuvers are unsuccessful or if cardiac output is unstable in supraventricular tachycardia

A

IV adenosine or propanolol

38
Q

what converts supraventricular tachycardia when cardiovascular assessment is unstable?

A

Synchronize cardioversion

39
Q

What is when the heart rate is less than the lower limit of normal for the child’s age?

A

Bradycardia

40
Q

What is Bradycardia associated with?

A

Poor systemic profusion

41
Q

what are clinical manifestations of bradycardia

A

fatigue, exercise intolerance, dizziness, syncopy

42
Q

What is when one or more lipids have an abnormal level in the blood?

A

dyslipidemia

43
Q

What disease can dislipidemia lead to in adulthood?

A

coronary heart disease

44
Q

What is when systolic or diastolic blood pressure reading is equal to or greater than the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height

A

hypertension

45
Q

what is defined as a systolic or diastolic reading that falls below the 90th percentile for age, gender, and height

A

normal bp

46
Q

how is hypertension diagnosed?

A

Based on three separate readings a weaker part or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring when this hystolic or diastolic reading is greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for gender, age, and height

47
Q

What percent of the circumference of the upper arm should the bladder cuff width be?

A

40%

48
Q

When the cuff is wrapped around the upper arm, how much of the arms circumference should be covered by the bladder length?

A

80-100

49
Q

What limb should be used for blood pressure?

A

Upper right arm

50
Q

rheumatic fever is a result of what type of untreated infection?

A

Group a beta hemolytic streptococci throat

51
Q

Infective endocarditis is an infection of the?

A

Endocardium

52
Q

What may be used to stop supraventricular tachycardia? Choose all
1. cardioversion
2. vagal maneuvers
3. adenosine
4. defibrillation

A

123

Peds (30 decks)

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