nutrition Flashcards
goals
nutrients and fluid available that meet physical, dev, and nutritional needs
feeding env that promotes health and development
communicate needs and is responsive to parents
infants: digestive process
immature system, poorly coordinated swallowing until 3-4 mo, no saliva until 3 mo, risk of developing food allergies if solids introduced too early
infants: nutritional requirements
110-120 kcal/kg daily
140 cc/kg per day of fluids
no solids until 4-6 mo
super high metabolic rate
infants: growth
if growing well, their health is good
1 oz/day
1 inch/ mo
infants: feeding
1 mo: 20 oz
6 mo: 30 oz
water not needed - kidneys not working
no cows milk, honey, corn syrup
4-6: iron fortified cereal with water or breast milk/formula - first solid food
infants: formula prep
1 scoop to 2 oz water = 20 cal/oz
to warm, place in warm or hot water - no microwave
throw away after 4 hours
readiness for solid
doubled birth weight, drink 8 oz of formula and is hungry in < 4 hr
can sit with little support and have good head control
drink 30-32 oz /day and wants more
2nd 6 mo: digestion
amylase, dispose for fat absorption, tongue thrust gone, tooth eruption
2nd 6 mo: nutritional requirements
105 kcal/kg daily
when adding food, limit formula to 24-30 oz/day
iron, fluoride add at 4-6 mo - cereal
need vit c after 4-6 mo - fruit (baby food or fruit juice - water down)
2nd 6 mo: growth
3-5 oz/week
1/2”/mo
2nd 6 mo: feeding
solids
offer juice from cup and mix with cereal to improve iron absorption
start with strained foods
6-7 mo: finger food
9-12 mo: chopped food
avoid
first year: shellfish, peanut butter, egg, nuts, wheat, citrus
choking: grapes, hard candy, hotdogs, mini carrots raw, other smooth hard food
fried foot and concentrated sugary food/drinks
toddlers: digestion
increase in gastric activity, more mature and complete process
physiologic anorexia - not hungry, encourage grazing
feed themselves more
toddlers: nutritional requirements
102 kcal/kg daily
115 cc/kg daily
vit and minerals increase
toddlers: growth
4-6 lbs/ year
2-6”/yr
toddlers: feeding
wean from bottle, 2-3 cups milk/day, skim or low fat after 2 yrs
1 tbsp of solid food per year of age = 1 serving
eating habits established - critical
ritualism
preschoolers: digestions
mature
preschoolers: nutritional requirements
90 kcal/kg daily
100 cc/kg daily
preschoolers: grow
5lbs/yr
2.5-3”/yr
preschoolers: feeding
picky, table manners ~4-5, 5 day fruits and veggies, interested in food fads, strong taste
normal for them to only want one thing - make sure they have nutritious food
school aged: digestion
mature
school aged: nutritional requirements
70 cal/kg daily
protein needs increase - muscle
M >10: 2500 - 3000 daily
F > 10: 2200 daily
school aged: growth
4-6 lbs / yr
2”/yr
older school aged may not have growth spurt
school aged: key concepts
independence, good habits for future
school aged: feeding
influenced by media, fam, school, outside influences
junk food popular
threat of childhood obesity
adolescence: digestion
mature
adolescence: nutritional req
M: 40-55 cal daily
F: 38-47 cal daily; more iron and calcium
growth spurt - increase iron, calcium, zinc, and protein
adolescence: growth
varies - age, when they stop, sex
adolescence: feeding
increased risk for poor nutrition, obesity, disorder, high chol
assessment: subjective
nutritional status during pregnancy, infant feeding, 24 hr recall, 3 day food diary, supplements (iron, fluoride), fam and child patterns, child capabilities, activity pattern, wound healing, ask teenager alone
assessment: objective
growth pattern - plotted
weight, height, head circumference
BMI - depends on growth chart
inspect: fontanelles, muscle tone, bowels, mucous membranes, knock-knee/bowlegged, hair, skin folds,
assessment: lab data
serum levels: albumin, N balance, minerals
Hbg and Hct
iron/ferritin
chol
