nutrition

Question 1

goals

Answer 1

nutrients and fluid available that meet physical, dev, and nutritional needs
feeding env that promotes health and development
communicate needs and is responsive to parents

Question 2

infants: digestive process

Answer 2

immature system, poorly coordinated swallowing until 3-4 mo, no saliva until 3 mo, risk of developing food allergies if solids introduced too early

Question 3

infants: nutritional requirements

Answer 3

110-120 kcal/kg daily
140 cc/kg per day of fluids
no solids until 4-6 mo
super high metabolic rate

Question 4

infants: growth

Answer 4

if growing well, their health is good
1 oz/day
1 inch/ mo

Question 5

infants: feeding

Answer 5

1 mo: 20 oz
6 mo: 30 oz
water not needed - kidneys not working
no cows milk, honey, corn syrup
4-6: iron fortified cereal with water or breast milk/formula - first solid food

Question 6

infants: formula prep

Answer 6

1 scoop to 2 oz water = 20 cal/oz
to warm, place in warm or hot water - no microwave
throw away after 4 hours

Question 7

readiness for solid

Answer 7

doubled birth weight, drink 8 oz of formula and is hungry in < 4 hr
can sit with little support and have good head control
drink 30-32 oz /day and wants more

Question 8

2nd 6 mo: digestion

Answer 8

amylase, dispose for fat absorption, tongue thrust gone, tooth eruption

Question 9

2nd 6 mo: nutritional requirements

Answer 9

105 kcal/kg daily
when adding food, limit formula to 24-30 oz/day
iron, fluoride add at 4-6 mo - cereal
need vit c after 4-6 mo - fruit (baby food or fruit juice - water down)

Question 10

2nd 6 mo: growth

Answer 10

3-5 oz/week
1/2”/mo

Question 11

2nd 6 mo: feeding

Answer 11

solids
offer juice from cup and mix with cereal to improve iron absorption
start with strained foods
6-7 mo: finger food
9-12 mo: chopped food

Question 12

avoid

Answer 12

first year: shellfish, peanut butter, egg, nuts, wheat, citrus
choking: grapes, hard candy, hotdogs, mini carrots raw, other smooth hard food
fried foot and concentrated sugary food/drinks

Question 13

toddlers: digestion

Answer 13

increase in gastric activity, more mature and complete process
physiologic anorexia - not hungry, encourage grazing
feed themselves more

Question 14

toddlers: nutritional requirements

Answer 14

102 kcal/kg daily
115 cc/kg daily
vit and minerals increase

Question 15

toddlers: growth

Answer 15

4-6 lbs/ year
2-6”/yr

Question 16

toddlers: feeding

Answer 16

wean from bottle, 2-3 cups milk/day, skim or low fat after 2 yrs
1 tbsp of solid food per year of age = 1 serving
eating habits established - critical
ritualism

Question 17

preschoolers: digestions

Answer 17

mature

Question 18

preschoolers: nutritional requirements

Answer 18

90 kcal/kg daily
100 cc/kg daily

Question 19

preschoolers: grow

Answer 19

5lbs/yr
2.5-3”/yr

Question 20

preschoolers: feeding

Answer 20

picky, table manners ~4-5, 5 day fruits and veggies, interested in food fads, strong taste
normal for them to only want one thing - make sure they have nutritious food

Question 21

school aged: digestion

Answer 21

mature

Question 22

school aged: nutritional requirements

Answer 22

70 cal/kg daily
protein needs increase - muscle
M >10: 2500 - 3000 daily
F > 10: 2200 daily

Question 23

school aged: growth

Answer 23

4-6 lbs / yr
2”/yr
older school aged may not have growth spurt

Question 24

school aged: key concepts

Answer 24

independence, good habits for future

Question 25

school aged: feeding

Answer 25

influenced by media, fam, school, outside influences
junk food popular
threat of childhood obesity

Question 26

adolescence: digestion

Answer 26

mature

Question 27

adolescence: nutritional req

Answer 27

M: 40-55 cal daily
F: 38-47 cal daily; more iron and calcium
growth spurt - increase iron, calcium, zinc, and protein

Question 28

adolescence: growth

Answer 28

varies - age, when they stop, sex

Question 29

adolescence: feeding

Answer 29

increased risk for poor nutrition, obesity, disorder, high chol

Question 30

assessment: subjective

Answer 30

nutritional status during pregnancy, infant feeding, 24 hr recall, 3 day food diary, supplements (iron, fluoride), fam and child patterns, child capabilities, activity pattern, wound healing, ask teenager alone

Question 31

assessment: objective

Answer 31

growth pattern - plotted
weight, height, head circumference
BMI - depends on growth chart
inspect: fontanelles, muscle tone, bowels, mucous membranes, knock-knee/bowlegged, hair, skin folds,

Question 32

assessment: lab data

Answer 32

serum levels: albumin, N balance, minerals
Hbg and Hct
iron/ferritin
chol