immunizations Flashcards
communicable disease
transferred from one person to another
mode of transmission
how disease is transmitted
incubation period
time from exposure to initial symptoms
prodromal period
early symptoms and when you feel bad
period of communicability
infectious period
goals of immunization
eliminate preventable disease, increase all recommended vaccinations of 2+ to at least 90%, prevent disease and outbreak
nursing responsibilities
maintain adequate records: day, month, year, manufacturer, expiration date, lot#, name, address, title of administrator
proper admin, storage
educate and support fam
know UTD info
why parents dont
fear of side effects, child’s medical condition, religion, inadequate knowledge, lack of resources, ineffective support for caregivers
live attenuated virus
inactivated microorganisms or fractions of it
mmr, varicella, flumist
killed vaccine
or inactivated
whole microbes killed by heat or chm or simply the important park of microbe that provokes immune response
toxoid
modified toxin made non toxic but still stim immune to form antitoxin
human immune sero globulin
antibodies from humans
immunodeficient
animal antitoxins
antibodies from animals that have been immunized with specific antigens and used to confer passive immunity and for treatment
DTaP
3 components: diptheria, tetanus, pertusis
vaccinate pregnant women - P
5 dose
SE: fever, sore, red, swell; T can cause general malaise; P can cause seizures
contraindications: anaphylactic rxn, encephalopathy within 7 days, seizures with/without fever within 3 day period
diptheria
toxoid
cause thick covering in back of throat, breathing problems, paralysis, HF, death
tetanus
toxoid
painful tightening of muscles
pertusis
available in inactivated form
whooping cough
causes coughing spells so bad infants cant drink, eat, breath
can lead to pna, seizures, brain damage, death
Tdap
11-12 and have completed recommended DTaP series and have not received T and D toxoid booster
polio
airborne virus - can cause paralysis and death
contraindications: allergic to neomyocin, streptomyocin, or polymixin B, wait if they have severe illness (mild cold ok)
MMR
measles, mumps, rubella
SQ
12 mo and 4-6 yrs
SE: anorexia, fever (7-10 days after)
contraindications: pregnancy, immunodeficiency
measles
virus
rash, cough, fever, lead to ear infection, pna, d, seizures, brain damage, death
mumps
virus
fever, HA, swollen glands under jaw, lead to hearing loss, meningitis, males can have swollen and painful testes
rubella
virus
rash, mild fever, swollen glands, arthritis
if F pregnant and get it they can lose babies and infant can be born deaf, blind, heart disease, brain damage
HIB haemophilus indluenza type B
killed
bacteria causes meningitis, pna, infection of other body systems and can lead to death and permanent brain damage
2, 4, 6, 12-15 mo
IM
SE: fever
contraindications: none
hep B
virus infects liver, can lead to acute illness, long term liver disease, liver failure, death
birth, 2 mo, 6 mo
IM
contraindication: anaphylactic rxn to bakers yeast
hep A
killed vaccine
same as hep B
6 mo apart (12 and 18 mo)
IM
varicella
rash, slight fever, anorexia, lead to ear infections, pna, encephalitis, thombocytopenia
live vaccine
older you have it the more you react to it
SE: pain and tenderness at sight
contraindications: immunocompromised, pregnant, children receiving corticosteroids
prevnar
killed vaccine
fights pneumoccocus, leading cause of serious illness worldwide, most frequent cause of pna, bacteremia, sinusitis, and acute otitis media
IM
SE: injection site, drowsy, irritable, v/d
contraindication: hypersensitivity to previous dose
rotovirus
virus, lots of v/d - dehydration
oral liquid
have to be younger than 32 weeks
flu
> 6 mo that have asthma, cardiac disease, HIV, DM, sickle cell
<8 need 2 injections 2 weeks apart the first time they receive
tetanus
booster q 10 yrs
synagsis
prenatal infants or high risk to reduce chance of getting RSV
v expensive
meningococcal
11-12, booster 16-18
gardacil
3 dose, <40, start at 11, protect against HPV
general contraindications
severe febrile illness - fever (wait)
known allergic response to previous vaccine
not contraindications
mod-severe local rxns, mild acute fever w/w/o illness, current abx, convalescent phase of therapy, prematurity, recent exposure to infectious disease, hx of non specific allergies
alterations in immunization schedule
interrupted: resume where child left off
un immunized: <1yr - begin regular schedule; >1yr - TD, IPV, MMR, HPV
immunocompromised must not receive live vaccines
