G + D adolescents

Question 1

maturation of systems

Answer 1

size and strength of heart, blood volume, s BP increase
HR decrease (P = 70,R = 20, BP = 120/70)
lungs increase in diameter and length
steady decline in basal metabolic rate
continued brain maturation with proliferation of support cells that nourish neurons

Question 2

physical growth

Answer 2

height growth in girls is fastest in early puberty; in boys in mid puberty
girls usually gain 5- 20 cm in height and 7-25 kg
boys usually gain 10-30 cm and 7-30 kg

Question 3

rapid physical growth

Answer 3

hungry - deficient nutrients?, nutritional needs?
multivit, vit d, protein
sleep alot
uncoordinated

Question 4

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 4

pubic hair, menarche or penis growth, voice changes, underarm hair, facial hair, oil, sweat, acne

Question 5

puberty: female

Answer 5

breast development is first change in >80% - period 2 years after (12.5 yr with range of 10.5 - 15)
pubic hair follows in 2-6 mo
increase in vaginal discharge early
delay if no breast by 13 or menarche within 2-2.5 yr of breast
precocious if breast or pubic before 6 or 7

Question 6

puberty: male

Answer 6

testicular enlargement first (9.5 - 14), pubic hair, gynecomastia may occur mid
pubertal delay if no enlargement by 14 or genital growth not complete 4 years after testicles enlarge
precocious if secondary before 9

Question 7

stress and coping

Answer 7

inept social performance, social isolation, sexuality, drugs, war, divorce, crowds, public speaking, gossip, death
sudden and rapid physical changes lead to self consciousness, sensitivity, and concern over body and comparison to others

Question 8

2 myths of adolescence

Answer 8

on stage or indestructible

Question 9

continued brain dev

Answer 9

not complete until late adolescence
emotional, physical, and mental abilities incomplete
may explain why some seen inconsistent in controlling emotions, impulses, and judgements
under construction
decision making, vulnerable to risk taking especially as group behavior
sleep longer, more clumsy, sensitive about weight - eating disorder
concern if not developing at same rate as others, feel awkward about showing affection to opposite sex parent, ask more questions about sex

Question 10

what can adults do

Answer 10

expect inconsistency in responsibility and decision making
provide opportunities fo safe risk taking (zip line, rollercoaster)
avoid criticizing/comparing to others
encourage enough sleep
encourage/model healthy eating
encourage/model activity
provide honest answers about sex

Question 11

sleep

Answer 11

circadian rhythm change, sleep later in morning and stay up later

Question 12

play

Answer 12

reading and lang skills, body image, rapid and marked physical growth
organized and rec play

Question 13

safety

Answer 13

motor vehicle, rec athletic, substance abuse, firearms, sex, depression and suicide

Question 14

psycho-social dev

Answer 14

est identity, autonomy, intimacy
comfort with sexuality
achievement

Question 15

erikson

Answer 15

identity vs role confusion
through experience and testing, accept changed body, est value system, make career decision, emancipated from parents, integrate opinions of other into own likes/dislikes - need interaction with diverse others, once they achieve identity they work on intimacy - feel intensely for each other, try on new roles

Question 16

establishing identity

Answer 16

accept changed body image
establish value system
make career decision
become emancipated from parents

Question 17

establish autonomy

Answer 17

become independent and self governing within relationships
make and follow through with decisions
live with own set of principles of right/wrong
less emotionally dependent on parents

Question 18

establish intimacy

Answer 18

not same as sex
learned in context of same sex friends and then romantic
develop close, open, honest, caring, trusting relationships
learn to begin, maintain, and terminate relationships, practice social skills and become intimate from friends

Question 19

becoming comfortable with ones sexuality

Answer 19

how educated they are determines if healthy sexual identity forms
more than 50% of high school students are sexually active
mixed messages contribute to teen pregnancy and std’s (oral and teen mom show, hpv vaccine)p
earlier age of first time = greater risk for std

Question 20

predictors of sexual activity

Answer 20

stead partner, regular alcohol use, parents with permissive values about sex, not worried about ones future occupational success
focus on more than one risk factor - get them passionate about something

Question 21

achievement

Answer 21

society fosters and values attitudes of competition and success
can see relationship between abilities, plans, aspirations
need to determine achievement preferences, what good at, and areas willing to strive for success

Question 22

how do these changes affect teens?

Answer 22

more time with friends, journal, question sexuality, lock door, involved in multiple hobbies/clubs, more argumentative, interact with parents as people
heightened self consciousness, believes no one experienced these things, cause oriented, justice orientation, invincible

Question 23

what can adults do?

Answer 23

encourage group involvement, praise, explore future, set guidelines/consequences, establish rituals for significant passages, know friends and what they are doing, provide structured environment and clear expectations
dont take it personally, discuss behavior, rules/consequences, provide opportunities for community services, ask teens their view and share own

Question 24

piaget

Answer 24

formal operations : 12- 15
abstract thinking, develop strategies to improve learning, think about how they feel and what they are thinking, can symbolically associate thoughts with abstract concepts (future, career, plan ahead), gain advanced reasoning skills: options, possibilities, logical, hypothetic
concepts of self: self absorbed, sometimes not able to think about others, can think about non concrete things (faith, trust, belief, spirituality), invincibility, can see other’s perspectives
learn more from watching or sharing experiences of others
health promo: talk to someone they relate to and multiple people

Question 25

kohlberg

Answer 25

young adolescents: conventional level of moral reasoning, absolute moral guidelines, rules
older adolescents: principled moral reasoning, concrete rules and guidelines questioned

Question 26

social development

Answer 26

rely less on parents, more on themselves
increasing time and energy spent on relationships building outside fam
sexuality and body image