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peds 331 > health promo > Flashcards

health promo Flashcards

1
Q

infants: discipline

A

yes - redirection, boundaries, safety, get attention

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2
Q

infant: pacifier

A

personal choice
pros: comfort, need to suck when they dont need to eat
cons: dirty, hard to discontinue, decrease breast feeding, dental problems, nipple confusion

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3
Q

infant: shoes

A

preference, shoeless sometimes better for balance

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4
Q

infant: sleep

A

3-4 mo: 9-12 hrs/night with 2 daytime naps

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5
Q

infant: activity

A

active and curious, avoid excessive playpen use, swings, etc
stim necessary for brain dev
let them be on floor

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6
Q

infant: teeth

A

eruption of primary, age varies but order predictable, lower central incisors first - upper central incisors
first 2 years: months old - 6 = # of teeth
teach brushing
s/s: swollen gums, finger sucking or biting, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, low grade fever
parents: avoid old wives tales, cold, anesthetic ointments used with caution, analgesics used only as directed

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7
Q

infant: prevent unintentional injuries

A

dishwashers, latex balloons, ranges/stoves, soft bedding, hand me down baby gear, grandmas purse, bath seats and rings, baby oil/powder (pna), dog, power windows

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8
Q

infant: falls

A

never leave unattended on raised surface
crib safety: side rails, windows, climbing items, pull up at 9 mo
infant seats, equipment, windows, stairs, walkers

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9
Q

infants: burns

A

sun (sunscreen after 6 mo, PABA free, >15 spf)
fireplace, hot liquids, electricity, heaters, fires

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10
Q

infants: swallow/choke

A

keep small items out of reach, bottles, powder, toys
pincer grasp

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11
Q

infants: suffocate/strangulate

A

pillow, blanket, large stuffed animals
cobedding, strings, window shades, toys, clothing, sleep on back

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12
Q

infants: motor vehicles

A

be good role model, never leave unattended, never hold in lap, keep doors and windows locked, dont be distracted, seat - back seat facing back, 5 point until 2

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13
Q

infants: bio/chm agents

A

germs (wash hands), drugs, toxins, cig (2nd or 3rd hand) - infection, asthma, aches

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14
Q

infants: lead

A

sources: pain, soil, dust, water, crystal, pottery, toys, air (cars)
s/s: brain, CNS, blood, kidneys
vulnerability: weight/air proportion, breath closer to ground, dust raising play and hand to mouth, increased GI absorption, mouth breathing increased absorption
advice: clean play areas, dont remove paint yourself, no lead hobbies at home, dont burn painted wood or colored paper, balanced diet (Ca, Fe, vit c), boil water before, treated with chelating agents - combine with irons for rapid and safe excretion

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15
Q

toddler: sibling rivalry

A

time is vague concept, avoid unrealistic expectations, allow them to participate, avoid extra stressors, dont compare, visitors

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16
Q

toddler: temper tantrum

A

consistency among caregivers, developmentally appropriate expectations and rewards, reasonable consequences, ignore

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17
Q

toddler: negativism and regression

A

reduce opportunities for negativism
give choice
ignore regression and praise existing patterns of appropriate behavior

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18
Q

toddler: discipline

A

need clear guidelines and expectations
types: distract and divert, encourage cooperation, structure, set limits, positive reinforcement, spanking not recommended

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19
Q

toddlers: alternatives for spanking

A

firm but kind, pause, teach, +, explanations not threats, be flexible, drop out of power struggle, refuse to get angry, be smart, offer incentives, time out

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20
Q

toddler: time out

A

3 yrs +
1 min/yr
discuss behavior after
discipline must occur at time of incident
be discrete - self esteem

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21
Q

toddler: readiness for toilet training

A

voluntary sphincter control, dry for 2 hrs, regular bowel movements
gross motor skills - walk, sit, squat
fine motor - remove clothes
cognitive skills, willingness to please, curiosity about adults and sibling toilet habits, impatient with wet or soiled diapers, parent readiness

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22
Q

toddler: toilet training anticipatory guidance

A

prep child, potty seat, limit practice times, dress appropriately, freq reminders, good hygiene, reinforce sense of accomplishment, consistency is vital

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23
Q

toddler: sleep and activity

A

need 12 hrs/day an 1 nap
sleep problems common
tourine
transitional objects (blanket, animal)
encourage activity

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24
Q

toddler: dental

A

regular exams, remove plaque, fluoride, low cariogenic diet
never too early to start

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25
Q

toddler: MVA

A

federally approved car restraint (5 point, backseat), supervise while outside, supervise tricycle riding, keep fences and doors locked, teach child to obey traffic rules

26
Q

toddler: drowning

A

supervise closely, bathroom doors closed and toilet lid down, fence around swimming pools with locked gate, teach swimming and water safety

27
Q

toddler: burns

A

sun, fireplace, hot liquids, electricity, heaters, fires
same as infant

28
Q

toddler: poisoning

A

lock toxins, caution against eating plants, drugs are not candy, never reuse containers or remove labels, dont play in trash, have poison control #

29
Q

toddler: choke and suffocate

A

foods (cut), toys, old appliances, toy box or chest, garage door transmitter, drawstrings

30
Q

toddler: falls

A

crib safety, equip, windows, doors, porches, balconies, bleachers, floors, bathtub, stairs, supervise at playgrounds

31
Q

toddler: bodily damage

A

sharp, lollipop and popsicles - sit down to eat dont run, tools, weapons, animals, identification (their name and parents name), stranger danger

32
Q

toddler: sex ed

A

find out what child knows and thinks
be honest

33
Q

toddler: preschool and kindergarten

A

assess readiness: age, physical ability, cognitive and social dev
prep child for transition

34
Q

toddler: speech

A

prevention and early detection
2-4 is most critical
stuttering - okay, just slow down

35
Q

toddler: important numbers

A

911, phone # and address

36
Q

school aged: school experience

A

2nd only to fam as socializing
transmit society values
peer relationships important
teachers and parents have powerful impact

37
Q

school aged: improve performance

A

set aside place for work, show interest, read with child, ensure good sleep and eating, participate in activities, meet teachers, be available to help

38
Q

school aged: latchkey children

A

self care before or after school
increased risk for injury, stress, delinquent behavior
need specific guidelines: no stove, who to call when, can friends come over, homework, snacks
community services

39
Q

school aged: fam relationships

A

reject parent values while testing new values of peer group
eventual incorporation of parental values if found of value
need to be tolerant of this
need firm secure anchor of parental interest and concern

40
Q

school aged: dishonest behavior

A

lying, cheating, stealing - normal to avoid punishment

41
Q

school aged: sexuality

A

sense of sexuality develops, appearance and dress, answer Q’s honestly, teach parents ways to promote development of + sexuality

42
Q

school aged: social

A

peer relationships
help parents facilitate relationships: allow friends to come over, provide transportation for child and friends, mediate risk factors

43
Q

school aged: peer pressure

A

what do your friends try to get you to do?, what do you do?, what do you want to do?, who can you talk to?
dress code
role play

44
Q

school aged: bullying

A

aggressive behavior intended to cause harm, imbalance of power, repeated
verbal, name calling, threats, rumors, social exclusion, physical
risk for long term psychological disturbances and psychiatric symptoms
prevention programs, school programs, nursing interventions, help children deal

45
Q

school aged: physical activity

A

refine skills: hand eye coordination, muscle strength, agility, speed
best accomplished through organized/team activities
benefits: socialization, better self esteem, weight control, increased physical ability
60 min/day
start sports early
provide different levels of participation

46
Q

school aged: oral health

A

pattern of primary tooth shedding varies, most lost 1st tooth ~6
jaw line elongates and teeth move into new positions
need supervision for oral care - brush BID, floss qD, 2xyear dental visit, goos snack choices

47
Q

school aged: sleep

A

avg 9.5 hrs during school but highly individualized
8-1 may resist going to bed
night terrors/sleep walking/enuresis
sleep assessment
teach child and parents good sleep hygiene

48
Q

school aged: injury prevention

A

boys more
bike related
chores, lawn mowers
take risk for social acceptance
safety equipment for all sports
motor vehicle crashes and pedestrian !!!

49
Q

school aged: auto safety

A

back seat under 12
20-40 lbs: harness straps snug and come through back of seat over shoulder, no shields
40-80 lbs: belt positioning booster seat
seat belts: 80lbs and >4’9”

50
Q

adolescent: health

A

developmentally based sense of curiosity and movement toward autonomy provide good opportunities for health promo
view of health differs from adult
interest and concerns?
reluctant to seek care

51
Q

adolescent: morbidity/mortality rf

A

poverty, neighborhood violence, parental abuse or neglect, parental divorce, being rained for a grade in school, drug or alcohol use, smoking cig, problems with criminal justice system

52
Q

adolescent: factors that promote health and well being

A

ability to adapt to new people/situations
satisfactory early cognitive and academic dev - honor roll
extracurricular, summer job, going to library, support from caring adult

53
Q

adolescent: peer relationships

A

significant role, provide sense of belonging and feeling of strength and power, form transitional world between dependence and autonomy
technology as a social environment

54
Q

adolescent: promote safety and injury prevention

A

MVA: experience and maturity, follow too close, speed, text, OH, other teen passengers
homicide: AA

55
Q

adolescent: injury prevention strategies

A

motor and non motor: pedestrian, passenger, driver
drowning, burns, poisoning, bodily damage

56
Q

adolescent: sexual behaviors

A

unintentional teen pregnancies had decreased but are rising
STI and HIV rates increased
factors: multiple partners, no condom
guidance: teach responsible practices, abstinence, discuss how STIs are transmitted and the consequences, ways to reduce risk factors, offer + reinforcement

57
Q

adolescent: prevent drug use

A

experimentation common
drinking and driving leading COD
young smokers are more likely to be heavy smokers (illness, death)
implicated in delinquency, absenteeism, dropping out of school, decreased academic performance, early sexual behaviors

58
Q

adolescent: interventions

A

ask about prior experimentation
discuss short term effects (school performance, smell, yellow teeth)
role play how to resist peer pressure
help develop cessation plans
encourage parents to express view

59
Q

adolescent: depression and suicide

A

lots of stress - may be unable to balance with coping
depression, substance use/abuse, increased risk taking
counselors
depression common, ask, suicide risk screen, refer to mental health specialist or immediate supervision and referral

60
Q

adolescent: warning signs of suicide risk

A

behavior: risk taking, alienation, giving away items, writing content with suicidal stuff
cognitive and mood changes: hopeless, dramatic swings in affect, sleep, preoccupation with death, difficulty [], hearing voices, seeing things or people

61
Q

adolescent: suicide prevention

A

effective coping, early recognition of depression and stress, social problems
CDC: school and community gatekeeper training, general suicide education, peer support programs, crisis center hotlines, restrict access to lethal means, intervene after attempt

62
Q

adolescent: prevent abuse

A

examine messages in videos, songs, movies, TV
date rape
availability of weapons
has any one hurt you

peds 331 (28 decks)

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